Anti-MOG Antibody Seropositive Neuromyelitis Optica: A Rare Pediatric Case

Neuromyelitis Optica spectrum disorder (NMO-SD) is a rare demyelinating disease detected in pediatric patients affecting the primary optic nerve and spinal cord. Clinical findings might overlap with other demyelinating diseases and compare to particularly multiple sclerosis the treatment regimens significantly differ. Therefore, to establish an immediate and definite diagnosis of NMO-SD is crucial. In the majority of patients, the aquaporin-4 antibody is detected in the serum as one of the supporting diagnostic criteria. The antibody against myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) is recently reported to be associated with serum aquaporin-4 antibody seronegative NMO-SD. Although not included in the diagnostic criteria, we believe that anti-MOG antibody may facilitate the diagnosis of NMO-SD. We herein report a pediatric case of NMO-SD with the anti-MOG antibody seropositivity.