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MicroRNAs01:22

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
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microRNA strand selection: Unwinding the rules.

Jeffrey C Medley1, Ganesh Panzade1, Anna Y Zinovyeva1

  • 1Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA.

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PubMed
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microRNA strand selection determines gene silencing specificity. Aberrant selection alters gene regulation, contributing to diseases like cancer.

Keywords:
arm switchingmiRmiR*miRNApassengerstrand selection

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • RNA Biology

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression by targeting messenger RNAs (mRNAs).
  • miRNAs are processed into duplexes, with one strand forming the miRNA-Induced Silencing Complex (miRISC).
  • miRNA strand selection dictates which strand is loaded into miRISC, influencing target specificity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the rules governing miRNA strand selection.
  • To understand how these rules are altered in physiological and pathological contexts.
  • To highlight the role of aberrant miRNA strand selection in human diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of previous and emerging data on miRNA biogenesis and function.
  • Analysis of sequence complementarity and seed sequences in miRNA duplexes.
  • Examination of disease-associated alterations in miRNA strand selection.

Main Results:

  • miRNA strand selection is a critical determinant of miRISC target specificity.
  • Each miRNA strand has the potential for miRISC loading and unique target recognition.
  • Aberrant strand selection disrupts normal gene regulation and is implicated in diseases.

Conclusions:

  • miRNA strand selection is a key regulatory mechanism with switch-like control over gene expression.
  • Understanding these selection rules is crucial for comprehending miRNA function in health and disease.
  • Altered miRNA strand selection represents a significant factor in human pathologies, including cancer.