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Neurodevelopmental and cognitive disabilities: Historical overview
1School of Languages, Linguistics and Film and School of History, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.
Handbook of Clinical Neurology
|September 22, 2020
Summary
This chapter traces the history of developmental sciences and their impact on understanding neurodevelopmental and cognitive disabilities. It highlights how historical context, including legal and social changes, informs current scientific practices.
Area of Science:
- Developmental Psychology
- Neuroscience
- Disability Studies
Background:
- The study of neurodevelopmental and cognitive disabilities has evolved significantly since the early 20th century.
- Early advancements included intelligence testing and developmental schedules, crucial for identifying causes of developmental differences.
- Post-World War II legal and institutional shifts profoundly impacted approaches to developmental conditions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore the historical trajectory of developmental sciences.
- To examine the influence of historical events on the study of neurodevelopmental and cognitive disabilities.
- To underscore the importance of historical context in contemporary neurodevelopmental science.
Main Methods:
- Historical analysis of the developmental sciences.
- Review of origins of intelligence testing and developmental schedules.
- Examination of legal and institutional changes impacting developmental conditions.
Main Results:
- Early laboratory testing was vital for identifying causes of developmental differences.
- Postwar reforms influenced the growth of cognitive science and genetic studies.
- Technological, social, and political changes have directly impacted medical and scientific practices.
Conclusions:
- Understanding the history of developmental sciences is critical for contemporary neurodevelopmental research.
- Historical investigation reveals the complex interplay between societal changes and scientific advancement.
- Historical perspectives can inform and improve current medical and scientific practices in neurodevelopmental science.
Keywords:
Child psychologyDisabilityHistoryIntelligence testingNeuroimagingNeurosciencePsychiatric epidemiologyTypical developmentMore Related Videos
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