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Related Concept Videos

Long-term Potentiation01:35

Long-term Potentiation

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Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Long-term Potentiation01:25

Long-term Potentiation

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Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Hebbian LTP
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Long-term Depression01:03

Long-term Depression

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Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Long-term Depression01:05

Long-term Depression

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Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Excitatory and Inhibitory Effects of Neurotransmitters01:29

Excitatory and Inhibitory Effects of Neurotransmitters

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When an action potential reaches the presynaptic axon terminal, it releases neurotransmitters from the neuron into the synaptic cleft at a chemical synapse. The released neurotransmitter can be excitatory or inhibitory. The critical criteria commonly used to determine whether a molecule is a neurotransmitter at a chemical synapse are the molecule's presence in the presynaptic neuron. Second, its release is in response to strong presynaptic depolarization. And lastly, the presence of...
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Integration of Synaptic Events01:28

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Synaptic integration mainly includes the summation of graded potentials. Graded potentials, regardless of their type, cause subtle alterations in membrane voltage, resulting in either depolarization or hyperpolarization. These incremental changes, when combined or summed, can propel the neuron toward its threshold. Consider, for example, a membrane experiencing a +15 mV shift, causing it to depolarize from -70 mV to -55 mV. In this scenario, graded potentials govern the membrane's ability to...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 8, 2025

Improved Preparation and Preservation of Hippocampal Mouse Slices for a Very Stable and Reproducible Recording of Long-term Potentiation
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Improved Preparation and Preservation of Hippocampal Mouse Slices for a Very Stable and Reproducible Recording of Long-term Potentiation

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Persistent changes in extracellular lactate dynamics following synaptic potentiation.

D Bingul1, K Kalra1, E M Murata1

  • 1Program in Neuroscience, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT 05753, United States.

Neurobiology of Learning and Memory
|September 22, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Synaptic potentiation, a long-term increase in synaptic strength, leads to persistent changes in brain energy metabolism. This study shows that potentiation increases lactate availability in the brain, supporting chronic neuronal demands.

Keywords:
GlycolysisHippocampusLactateLong-term potentiationSynaptic plasticity

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Metabolic Neuroscience
  • Neurophysiology

Background:

  • Brain energy demands are met by neurometabolic coupling.
  • Excitatory synaptic activity drives a shift towards aerobic glycolysis, with astrocyte-derived lactate supporting neuronal needs.
  • The role of lactate in chronic neuronal energetic demands is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if synaptic potentiation, a chronic alteration in synaptic activity, necessitates persistent changes in brain energetics.
  • To determine if long-term potentiation (LTP) alters local glycolytic activity and lactate availability.

Main Methods:

  • Long-term potentiation (LTP) was induced in the dentate gyrus of freely-behaving rats via high-frequency stimulation (HFS).
  • Extracellular lactate concentrations were continuously recorded before, during, and after LTP induction.
  • Changes in lactate dynamics were assessed in relation to synaptic strength alterations.

Main Results:

  • Synaptic potentiation altered the acute extracellular lactate response to neuronal activation, showing a larger dip and overshoot.
  • Chronic increases in local lactate availability were observed following LTP induction.
  • These metabolic changes, specifically altered lactate dynamics, emerged approximately 24 hours after HFS and persisted for at least 72 hours.

Conclusions:

  • Persistent alterations in synaptic strength are associated with metabolic plasticity.
  • Long-term potentiation induces a lasting augmentation of glycolytic activity, indicated by sustained changes in lactate availability.
  • Lactatesupports chronic energetic demands of potentiated synapses.