Antioxidants in Sport Sarcopenia

Area of Science:

• Gerontology and Exercise Physiology
• Molecular Biology and Biochemistry

Background:

• Sarcopenia, characterized by skeletal muscle mass and strength decline, is a growing healthcare concern.
• Endurance athletes, particularly masters athletes, are susceptible to decreased muscle mass.
• Exercise induces adaptive responses in skeletal muscles, involving signaling pathways and genetic reprogramming.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review experimental models exploring the molecular mechanisms of sarcopenia.
• To highlight the clinical aspects of sport-induced sarcopenia.
• To suggest nutritional strategies for mitigating oxidative stress in sarcopenia.

Main Methods:

• Review of recent experimental models of sarcopenia.
• Analysis of molecular mechanisms underlying muscle decline.
• Examination of clinical data related to sport sarcopenia.

Main Results:

• Increased reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and reduced antioxidant protection contribute to sarcopenia.
• Exercise-induced adaptive responses can be altered, leading to muscle mass loss.
• Experimental models provide insights into sarcopenia's molecular underpinnings.

Conclusions:

• Understanding sarcopenia's molecular basis is crucial for developing interventions.
• Nutritional supplements may offer a strategy to bolster endogenous antioxidant defenses.
• Targeting oxidative stress is a promising avenue for managing sarcopenia in athletes and the elderly.