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Accuracy and Precision Assessment of AoA-Based Indoor Positioning Systems Using Infrastructure Lighting and a
Álvaro De-La-Llana-Calvo1, David Salido-Monzú2, José-Luis Lázaro-Galilea1
1Department of Electronics, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28801 Madrid, Spain.
This study introduces an optical indoor positioning system (IPS) using a Position-Sensitive Detector (PSD) and illumination infrastructure for Angle of Arrival (AoA) measurements. It achieves millimeter-level accuracy for indoor positioning applications.
Area of Science:
- Robotics and Automation
- Sensor Technology
- Geomatics Engineering
Background:
- Existing indoor positioning systems (IPS) lack a universally superior technology.
- IPS performance is highly dependent on application-specific requirements and measurement technologies.
- Optical methods offer a promising avenue for precise indoor localization.
Purpose of the Study:
- To present a novel optical indoor positioning system (IPS) utilizing a Position-Sensitive Detector (PSD).
- To leverage existing illumination infrastructure for Angle of Arrival (AoA) measurements.
- To evaluate different positioning strategies based on emitter visibility and available information.
Main Methods:
- An optical IPS employing a PSD and Angle of Arrival (AoA) measurements from illumination sources.
- Integration of various positioning strategies contingent on the number of visible emitters and prior scenario knowledge.
- Experimental validation using high-end geodetic equipment for ground truth establishment in a controlled environment.
Main Results:
- Achieved an average positioning error of 8.2 mm with one emitter and known target orientation.
- Obtained an average positioning error of 9.4 mm with two emitters for planar movement without prior information.
- Demonstrated a 4.9 cm average positioning error for complete 3D pose estimation using four emitters.
- Attained precision (2σ) better than 5.9 mm across the test space with a 10 ms integration time.
Conclusions:
- The proposed optical IPS offers a viable, cost-effective solution for indoor positioning requiring fast and reliable centimeter-level accuracy.
- The system effectively utilizes smart illumination infrastructure for precise localization.
- The adaptable strategies allow for robust performance under varying conditions and information availability.


