Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Diffusion01:12

Diffusion

214.3K
Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
214.3K
Diffusion01:21

Diffusion

5.9K
Diffusion is a type of passive transport. In passive transport, a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal across the space. For example, take the diffusion of substances through the air. When someone opens a perfume bottle in a room filled with people, the perfume is at its highest concentration in the bottle and is at its lowest at the edges of the room. The perfume vapor will diffuse, or spread away, from the...
5.9K
Passive Diffusion: Overview and Kinetics01:17

Passive Diffusion: Overview and Kinetics

1.1K
Passive diffusion is a critical process that allows small lipophilic drugs to cross the cell membrane along a concentration gradient. This mechanism's efficiency depends on four primary factors: the membrane's surface area, the drug's lipid-water partition coefficient, the concentration gradient, and the membrane's thickness.
When administered orally, drugs establish a substantial concentration gradient between the gastrointestinal (GI) lumen and the bloodstream, expediting...
1.1K
Protein Diffusion in the Membrane01:24

Protein Diffusion in the Membrane

5.3K
Proteins show rotational as well as lateral diffusion across the membrane. The lateral diffusion of proteins was confirmed through the cell fusion experiment where mouse and human cells were fused, resulting in hybrid cells. When the human and mouse cells fused, the specific membrane proteins on human and mouse cells were marked with the red and green-fluorescent markers, respectively. Initially, the red and green fluorescence was located on the respective hemisphere of the cell. As time...
5.3K
Theories of Dissolution: The Danckwerts' Model and Interfacial Barrier Model01:09

Theories of Dissolution: The Danckwerts' Model and Interfacial Barrier Model

649
Various dissolution theories provide insight into the factors that influence the dissolution rate. Danckwerts' Model suggests that turbulence, rather than a stagnant layer, characterizes the dissolution medium at the solid-liquid interface. In this model, the agitated solvent contains macroscopic packets that move to the interface via eddy currents, facilitating the absorption and delivery of the drug to the bulk solution. The regular replenishment of solvent packets maintains the...
649
Behavior of Gas Molecules: Molecular Diffusion, Mean Free Path, and Effusion03:48

Behavior of Gas Molecules: Molecular Diffusion, Mean Free Path, and Effusion

30.7K
Although gaseous molecules travel at tremendous speeds (hundreds of meters per second), they collide with other gaseous molecules and travel in many different directions before reaching the desired target. At room temperature, a gaseous molecule will experience billions of collisions per second. The mean free path is the average distance a molecule travels between collisions. The mean free path increases with decreasing pressure; in general, the mean free path for a gaseous molecule will be...
30.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Effects of microtubule (de)tyrosination on the morphology and motility of Trypanosoma brucei and cross-talk with polyglutamylation.

Biology open·2025
Same author

Discriminating stochastic processes for the assessment of materials properties by diffusion measurements.

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP·2025
Same author

Microtubule polyglutamylation is an essential regulator of cytoskeletal integrity in Trypanosoma brucei.

Journal of cell science·2024
Same author

The random walker's toolbox for analyzing single-particle tracking data.

Soft matter·2023
Same author

Exploring generic principles of compartmentalization in a developmental in vitro model.

Development (Cambridge, England)·2023
Same author

Extracting, quantifying, and comparing dynamical and biomechanical properties of living matter through single particle tracking.

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP·2022
Same journal

Phase-transition-driven radiative-decay engineering for high-<i>Q</i> quasi-BIC states in graphene-VO<sub>2</sub> metasurfaces.

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP·2026
Same journal

From frameworks to functionality: a review of MOF-derived materials in emerging supercapacitor technologies.

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP·2026
Same journal

Zn doping effects on oxygen reduction kinetics of PrBa<sub>0.5</sub>Ca<sub>0.5</sub>Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5+<i>δ</i></sub> double perovskite cathode for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells.

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP·2026
Same journal

Mechanisms of the CO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O co-adsorption behavior of functionalized porous carbons: perspectives of the molecular clustering effect.

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP·2026
Same journal

A charge-redistribution threshold governing methane dehydrogenation revealed by cerium oxide and nitride clusters.

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP·2026
Same journal

Engineering Fe<sub>2</sub>WO<sub>6</sub>-based heterostructures for high-performance supercapacitors: the role of V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> and g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> integration.

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 8, 2025

The Diffusion of Passive Tracers in Laminar Shear Flow
08:01

The Diffusion of Passive Tracers in Laminar Shear Flow

Published on: May 1, 2018

8.9K

Quantifying active diffusion in an agitated fluid.

Pierre-Yves Gires1, Mithun Thampi1, Matthias Weiss1

  • 1Experimental Physics I, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstr. 30, D-95447 Bayreuth, Germany. matthias.weiss@uni-bayreuth.de.

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics : PCCP
|September 23, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers enhanced diffusion in microdroplets using miniaturized magnetic stir bars. This method boosts mixing efficiency without altering the fundamental Gaussian diffusion process, offering new applications for complex fluids.

More Related Videos

Controlled Synthesis and Fluorescence Tracking of Highly Uniform PolyN-isopropylacrylamide Microgels
11:34

Controlled Synthesis and Fluorescence Tracking of Highly Uniform PolyN-isopropylacrylamide Microgels

Published on: September 8, 2016

10.6K
Analyzing Mixing Inhomogeneity in a Microfluidic Device by Microscale Schlieren Technique
10:12

Analyzing Mixing Inhomogeneity in a Microfluidic Device by Microscale Schlieren Technique

Published on: June 12, 2015

9.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 8, 2025

The Diffusion of Passive Tracers in Laminar Shear Flow
08:01

The Diffusion of Passive Tracers in Laminar Shear Flow

Published on: May 1, 2018

8.9K
Controlled Synthesis and Fluorescence Tracking of Highly Uniform PolyN-isopropylacrylamide Microgels
11:34

Controlled Synthesis and Fluorescence Tracking of Highly Uniform PolyN-isopropylacrylamide Microgels

Published on: September 8, 2016

10.6K
Analyzing Mixing Inhomogeneity in a Microfluidic Device by Microscale Schlieren Technique
10:12

Analyzing Mixing Inhomogeneity in a Microfluidic Device by Microscale Schlieren Technique

Published on: June 12, 2015

9.4K

Area of Science:

  • Fluid dynamics
  • Microfluidics
  • Physical chemistry

Background:

  • Mixing in microdroplets relies on diffusion due to low Reynolds numbers.
  • Enhancing diffusion in microdroplets is crucial for various applications.
  • Turbulent flow is absent in microdroplets, limiting mixing efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the enhancement of diffusional motion in microdroplets using miniaturized magnetic stir bars.
  • To determine the impact of stirring on diffusion coefficients and motion characteristics.
  • To explore the potential of this method for controlled addition of nonequilibrium noise.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing miniaturized magnetic stir bars within microdroplets and microfluidic devices.
  • Employing single-particle tracking to monitor the motion of tracer beads.
  • Analyzing trajectory data using measures like Gaussian distribution, diffusion coefficients, power-spectral density, and velocity autocorrelation function.

Main Results:

  • Stirring significantly increased diffusion coefficients.
  • The diffusion process remained Gaussian, with no observed ballistic motion.
  • Stirring signatures were evident in power-spectral density and velocity autocorrelation functions.
  • Ambient noise properties were only moderately affected.

Conclusions:

  • Miniaturized magnetic stir bars effectively enhance diffusive mixing in microdroplets.
  • The method provides enhanced diffusion while maintaining normal diffusion characteristics.
  • This technique offers a pathway for controlled introduction of nonequilibrium noise into complex fluids.