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The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...
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In managing urinary tract infections (UTIs) in nursing, a comprehensive assessment is essential. Begin by gathering subjective data, such as the patient’s complaints of dysuria (painful urination), urinary frequency, urgency, suprapubic pain, and any lower abdominal discomfort. This information can be complemented by questions regarding previous UTIs, sexual activity, and personal hygiene practices, which can provide insight into risk factors. Objective assessment should focus on signs...
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AssessmentSubjective Data: Obtain a detailed health history, including any recent or chronic urinary tract infections, periods of immobilization, previous episodes of renal calculi, and medical conditions such as gout, benign prostatic hyperplasia, or hyperparathyroidism. Review the medication history for drugs that may influence stone formation, including allopurinol, analgesics, loop diuretics, or thiazide diuretics. Document the use of long-term indwelling catheters and any past surgical...
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A healthcare provider can diagnose a urinary tract infection (UTI) through several methods:Medical History and Symptoms: The provider will take a detailed medical history and ask about symptoms such as frequent urination, burning sensation during urination, and lower abdominal pain.Urinalysis: A clean-catch urine sample is collected in a sterile container and tested for the presence of bacteria, white blood cells (leukocytes), nitrites, blood, and protein. The presence of leukocytes and...
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Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
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Recent advances in managing overactive bladder.

George Araklitis1, Georgina Baines1, Ana Sofia da Silva1

  • 1Department of Urogynaecology, King's College Hospital, London, UK.

F1000Research
|September 24, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Recent advances in managing overactive bladder syndrome (OAB) include new medications like vibegron, hormonal therapies for menopause-related OAB, and innovative treatments such as botulinum toxin, neuromodulators, and laser technology.

Keywords:
AdvancesOABoveractive bladdertreatment

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Overactive bladder syndrome (OAB) is characterized by urinary urgency, frequency, and nocturia.
  • Current management strategies aim to alleviate these symptoms while considering patient-specific factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in the pharmacological and procedural management of overactive bladder syndrome.
  • To evaluate the impact of anticholinergic burden on OAB patients.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on recent clinical trials and therapeutic developments in OAB management.
  • Analysis of evidence regarding novel drug therapies, hormonal treatments, and minimally invasive procedures.

Main Results:

  • Vibegron, a new beta-3 agonist, shows promise with potentially fewer drug interactions compared to mirabegron.
  • Hormonal therapies (oestrogens, ospemifene) are effective for genitourinary syndrome of menopause-related OAB.
  • Botulinum toxin, implantable neuromodulators, selective bladder denervation, and laser technology represent emerging treatment options.

Conclusions:

  • Novel pharmacological agents and minimally invasive techniques are expanding treatment options for overactive bladder syndrome.
  • Personalized management strategies considering anticholinergic load and specific patient needs are crucial for effective OAB treatment.