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The Effect of Aging on Tissues01:19

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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
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Commentary on Some Recent Theses Relevant to Combating Aging: October 2020.

Benjamin Zealley, Aubrey D N J de Grey

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    This review covers advancements in gene therapy using CRISPR-Cas9, LINE-1 retrotransposition mechanisms, kidney transplant survival prediction, obesity treatment targets, retinal neuron regeneration, and T cell reprogramming for disease analysis.

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    Area of Science:

    • Genetics and Genomics
    • Biotechnology
    • Medicine
    • Cell Biology
    • Bioinformatics

    Background:

    • Current research highlights significant progress in diverse biomedical fields.
    • Innovations span gene editing, cellular mechanisms, predictive diagnostics, and therapeutic targets.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To summarize key findings from recent theses in genome engineering, molecular biology, and translational medicine.
    • To provide an overview of cutting-edge research in gene therapy, retrotransposition, transplant outcomes, obesity, neuroregeneration, and immunology.

    Main Methods:

    • CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing for in situ genome regulation.
    • Investigation of LINE-1 retrotransposition mechanisms in human cells.
    • Machine learning models for predicting kidney transplant survival.
    • Functional studies on the retinoblastoma protein's role in obesity.
    • In vivo studies on retinal neuron regeneration from Müller glia.
    • T cell reprogramming techniques for interrogating intracellular disease signatures.

    Main Results:

    • Development of efficient and safe CRISPR-Cas9 systems for gene therapies.
    • Elucidation of LINE-1 retrotransposition processes.
    • Improved accuracy in predicting kidney transplant survival using machine learning.
    • Identification of a novel therapeutic target (CDK4) for diet-induced obesity.
    • Demonstration of retinal neuron regeneration capabilities.
    • Advancement in using reprogrammed T cells for disease diagnostics.

    Conclusions:

    • These theses represent significant advancements across multiple areas of biological and medical science.
    • The reviewed studies offer promising avenues for future therapeutic interventions and diagnostic tools.
    • Continued research in these domains is crucial for addressing unmet medical needs.