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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
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Using Brain Activation nir-HEG/Q-EEG and Execution Measures CPTs in a ADHD Assessment Protocol
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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Kevin M Antshel1, Russell Barkley2

  • 1Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, United States.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology
|September 26, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is reviewed, covering diagnostic criteria, phenotypes, and etiologies. Treatment involves medication, behavioral training, and school interventions, considering individual factors.

Keywords:
ADHDHyperactivityImpulsivityInattentionStimulant

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Child Psychology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has a long history of description by numerous authors.
  • Understanding ADHD requires examining its evolving diagnostic criteria, epidemiology, and historical context.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of current ADHD knowledge.
  • To detail diagnostic criteria, phenotypes, etiologies, comorbidities, and treatment options for ADHD.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of theoretical underpinnings, biological, and environmental etiologies.
  • Analysis of current diagnostic criteria, including DSM-5 guidelines.
  • Description of various treatment modalities and decision-making factors.

Main Results:

  • ADHD presents in three phenotypes: inattentive, hyperactive/impulsive, or combined.
  • Diagnosis requires symptoms before age 12, presence in multiple settings, and exclusion of other conditions.
  • Comorbidities significantly increase the negative impact of ADHD on daily life.

Conclusions:

  • ADHD diagnosis and treatment are complex, influenced by multiple factors.
  • Effective management integrates medication, psychosocial interventions, and school-based support.
  • Further research into ADHD etiologies and personalized treatment strategies is warranted.