[ALL in adult patients: Contribution and limits of pediatric management]

For two decades, the prognostic of adult patients with ALL was improved based on pediatric-inspired protocols. These approaches based on less myelosuppressive drugs have led to improved response rates, decreased relapse rates, with a benefit in survival observed in patients aged up to 50-60-years-old. Therapeutic intensification came with a decrease in the use of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, with current indications mainly based on the level of measurable residual disease. Pediatric approaches are however limited in older patients or in patients with comorbidities, who are at greater risk to develop adverse effects especially to asparaginase. Future progresses will arise from personalized medicine including targeted therapy in some ALL oncogenic subgroups and immunotherapy. Monoclonal antibodies, bispecific antibodies, antibody drug conjugates and CAR-T cells have shown encouraging results in relapsed/refractory diseases. These strategies are now evaluated frontline in children and adults to further increase the quality of response, to limit the toxicity of treatments including allogeneic transplant. The objective of this review is to discuss the benefit and the limits of pediatric therapeutic strategies in adults and the perspectives offered by new approaches including immunotherapies.