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Vaccines Against Tuberculosis: Problems and Prospects (Review)
N I Nadolinskaia1, D S Karpov2, A V Goncharenko1
1Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center Fundamentals of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia.
Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology
|September 28, 2020
Summary
Tuberculosis remains a leading infectious killer. This review explores existing and novel genetically engineered mycobacterial vaccine strains for tuberculosis and other diseases, including BCG vaccination
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Immunology
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a major global health challenge, causing significant mortality from infectious diseases.
- Development of new anti-TB drugs has faced challenges, shifting research focus towards novel vaccination strategies.
- The Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine is the primary vaccine currently used against tuberculosis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current information on existing mycobacterial vaccine strains for tuberculosis prevention.
- To discuss the development of new, genetically engineered mycobacterial strains for preventing and treating tuberculosis and other diseases.
- To examine the correlation between BCG vaccination and the outcomes of COVID-19 infection.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive literature review of existing and emerging mycobacterial vaccine strains.
- Analysis of research trends in genetic engineering for vaccine development against tuberculosis.
- Inclusion of data on the impact of BCG vaccination on COVID-19 incidence and severity.
Main Results:
- Established vaccine strains and ongoing advancements in genetically engineered strains offer new avenues for tuberculosis control.
- Genetically modified mycobacteria show potential for broader applications in preventing and treating various diseases.
- Evidence suggests a potential correlation between BCG vaccination and modulation of COVID-19 outcomes.
Conclusions:
- Novel genetically engineered mycobacterial strains represent a promising frontier in combating tuberculosis and other infectious diseases.
- Further research into these advanced vaccine candidates is crucial for global public health.
- Understanding the interplay between BCG vaccination and heterologous immunity, such as against COVID-19, warrants continued investigation.
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