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Confounding in Studies on Metacognition: A Preliminary Causal Analysis Framework
Borysław Paulewicz1, Marta Siedlecka2, Marcin Koculak2
1Psychology Department, Faculty in Katowice, SWPS University, Warsaw, Poland.
Frontiers in Psychology
|September 28, 2020
Summary
Metacognitive processes, which monitor and regulate cognitive tasks, are often inaccurately measured. This study reveals typical methods confound metacognition and may introduce bias, necessitating robust discovery methods.
Area of Science:
- Cognitive Science
- Neuroscience
- Psychology
Background:
- Metacognitive processes are defined by their role in monitoring and regulating first-order cognitive processing.
- The relationship between metacognition and underlying processes is complex and requires careful theoretical and methodological consideration.
Purpose of the Study:
- To derive theoretical and methodological consequences of the relationship between metacognition and first-order processing.
- To identify limitations in current methods for measuring metacognitive monitoring and regulation.
Main Methods:
- Utilized causal analysis combined with existing hypotheses.
- Investigated the impact of multiple processing stages and latent feedback loops in metacognition.
- Assessed the efficacy of common methods for controlling first-order task performance.
Main Results:
- Typical measures of metacognitive monitoring and regulation are confounded without strong causal assumptions.
- Standard methods for controlling first-order task performance may introduce bias rather than deconfound metacognitive measures.
- Simple decision-making models from Signal Detection Theory cannot resolve these issues.
Conclusions:
- Current methodologies for assessing metacognition are fundamentally flawed due to confounding and potential bias.
- There is a critical need for the development and adoption of robust methods to accurately investigate latent metacognitive mechanisms.
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