Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

10.8K
The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
10.8K
Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

47.6K
The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
47.6K
Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway

11.5K
Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...
11.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Dual Sub‑MIC Copper-Gentamicin Stress Drives Strain‑Specific, Non‑Additive Phenotypic Shifts in <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>.

Molecular and cellular biology·2026
Same author

Oxidative Stress in Migraine-Effect or Cause?

Genes·2026
Same author

Overcoming the diagnostic gap in mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease: a pilot study employing a machine learning-/augmented reality-based digital biomarker.

Frontiers in aging neuroscience·2026
Same author

Expanding the phenotypic spectrum of RYBP-related neurodevelopmental disorder: report of the ninth patient worldwide.

Neurologia i neurochirurgia polska·2026
Same author

Molecular Mechanisms and Potential Biomarkers of Neuropsychiatric Disorders in Parkinson's Disease.

Journal of integrative neuroscience·2026
Same author

DepoCatalog: mapping diversity of 129 recombinantly produced Klebsiella phage depolymerases.

Nature communications·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 7, 2025

A Free-breathing fMRI Method to Study Human Olfactory Function
10:42

A Free-breathing fMRI Method to Study Human Olfactory Function

Published on: July 30, 2017

10.0K

Subjective and Objective Assessments of Post-traumatic Olfactory Dysfunction.

Nattakarn Limphaibool1, Piotr Iwanowski1, Wojciech Kozubski1

  • 1Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland.

Frontiers in Neurology
|September 28, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Traumatic brain injuries often cause olfactory dysfunction. Objective tests are crucial for diagnosing post-traumatic anosmia, especially when cognitive impairment or exaggeration of symptoms is suspected.

Keywords:
olfactometryolfactory dysfunctionolfactory evaluationolfactory event-related potentialstraumatic brain injury

More Related Videos

Olfactory Assays for Mouse Models of Neurodegenerative Disease
07:27

Olfactory Assays for Mouse Models of Neurodegenerative Disease

Published on: August 25, 2014

22.5K
Simple and Computer-assisted Olfactory Testing for Mice
06:40

Simple and Computer-assisted Olfactory Testing for Mice

Published on: June 15, 2015

10.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 7, 2025

A Free-breathing fMRI Method to Study Human Olfactory Function
10:42

A Free-breathing fMRI Method to Study Human Olfactory Function

Published on: July 30, 2017

10.0K
Olfactory Assays for Mouse Models of Neurodegenerative Disease
07:27

Olfactory Assays for Mouse Models of Neurodegenerative Disease

Published on: August 25, 2014

22.5K
Simple and Computer-assisted Olfactory Testing for Mice
06:40

Simple and Computer-assisted Olfactory Testing for Mice

Published on: June 15, 2015

10.6K

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Otolaryngology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) are a leading cause of olfactory dysfunction.
  • Olfactory deficits can be conductive or neurosensory, impacting quality of life and safety.
  • Accurate diagnosis of post-traumatic anosmia is essential for patient care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate subjective and objective examinations for identifying olfactory deficits post-TBI.
  • To assess the clinical utility of quantitative olfactory function tests.
  • To predict the value of these tests in diagnosing post-traumatic anosmia.

Main Methods:

  • Included 38 patients with head injury-related olfactory dysfunction and 31 controls.
  • Assessed odor perception and identification using mint and anise oils.
  • Utilized blast olfactometry with cortical olfactory event-related potentials (oERPs).

Main Results:

  • Subjective tests showed anosmia/hyposmia in 94% of patients.
  • Objective tests revealed cranial nerve I oERPs in 52.6% and cranial nerve V oERPs in 68.4% with mint stimulation.
  • Complete lack of response (cranial nerves I and V) occurred in 32% of patients.

Conclusions:

  • Both subjective and objective tests are valuable for evaluating olfactory impairment.
  • Objective examinations are vital for diagnosing post-traumatic anosmia in patients with cognitive issues or potential symptom exaggeration.
  • Damage to the olfactory system's receptive pathway can be diagnosed via reduced/absent cortical responses and subjective deficits.