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Updated: Dec 7, 2025

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Oral plasmablastic lymphoma: A case report.

Maurizio Zizzo1,2, Magda Zanelli3, Roberta Martiniani4

  • 1Surgical Oncology Unit, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia.

Medicine
|September 29, 2020
PubMed
Summary

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This summary is machine-generated.

Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) in the oral cavity is aggressive but treatable. Early diagnosis and combined therapies led to complete remission in an HIV-positive patient.

Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Oncology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) is an aggressive B-cell lymphoma often affecting HIV-positive individuals.
  • The oral cavity is a common site for PBL, frequently presenting as asymptomatic swellings or ulcerations.
  • Current treatment lacks standardization, and survival rates are below 33.5%.

Observation:

  • A 39-year-old male presented with a 1-month oral swelling, initially treated as an abscess or neoplasm.
  • Diagnosis revealed oral cavity PBL with plasmablastic morphology and plasma cell phenotype.
  • Blood tests showed mild lymphopenia and positive HIV serology.

Findings:

  • The patient received chemotherapy with intrathecal methotrexate and highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).

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  • Complete hematological remission was achieved at 12 months post-diagnosis.

    • Implications:

    • High suspicion is crucial for diagnosing oral PBL, often misidentified as dental issues.
    • Delayed diagnosis of this aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma negatively impacts treatment outcomes and survival.
    • Integrated treatment approaches combining chemotherapy and HAART show promise for oral PBL in HIV-positive patients.