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Related Concept Videos

Translation01:31

Translation

154.0K
Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of...
154.0K
Translation01:31

Translation

17.2K
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Proteins are...
17.2K
Improving Translational Accuracy02:07

Improving Translational Accuracy

3.4K
3.4K
Improving Translational Accuracy02:07

Improving Translational Accuracy

13.2K
Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...
13.2K
Termination of Translation01:44

Termination of Translation

6.3K
6.3K
Termination of Translation01:44

Termination of Translation

27.0K
The large ribosomal subunit has several important structures essential to translation. These include the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) - which is the site where the peptide bond is formed - and a large, internal, water-filled tube through which the nascent polypeptide moves. This latter structure is called the Peptide Exit Tunnel, and it begins at the PTC and spans the body of the large ribosomal subunit. During translation, as the nascent polypeptide chain is synthesized, it passes through...
27.0K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 7, 2025

In vivo Interrogation of Central Nervous System Translatome by Polyribosome Fractionation
09:13

In vivo Interrogation of Central Nervous System Translatome by Polyribosome Fractionation

Published on: April 30, 2014

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Translating Messages in Different Neighborhoods.

Ashley Chin1, Eric Lécuyer2

  • 1Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.

Developmental Cell
|September 29, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Researchers studied where specific messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and their proteins are located within human cells. They found that some mRNAs are translated into proteins in specific cellular locations, impacting gene regulation.

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Analysis of Translation Initiation During Stress Conditions by Polysome Profiling
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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 7, 2025

In vivo Interrogation of Central Nervous System Translatome by Polyribosome Fractionation
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In vivo Interrogation of Central Nervous System Translatome by Polyribosome Fractionation

Published on: April 30, 2014

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Quantitative Immunofluorescence to Measure Global Localized Translation

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Area of Science:

  • Cell biology
  • Molecular biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The precise location of biomolecules within cells is crucial for controlling their functions.
  • Understanding subcellular localization is key to deciphering complex cellular processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the subcellular distribution of specific messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and their corresponding proteins.
  • To identify instances of localized translation and their regulatory significance in human cells.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized genetically tagged human cell lines.
  • Tracked the distribution of specific mRNAs and their encoded proteins within cellular compartments.

Main Results:

  • Identified several cases where mRNA translation occurs in specific subcellular locations.
  • Demonstrated distinct regulatory implications arising from this localized translation.

Conclusions:

  • Subcellular mRNA and protein distribution plays a vital role in cellular function regulation.
  • Localized translation represents a significant mechanism for controlling gene expression with specific biological outcomes.