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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

144
Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
144
Drug Dosing: Infants and Children01:29

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

134
Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...
134
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

165
Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight,...
165
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

131
In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
131
Biopharmaceutical Factors Influencing Drug Product Design: Overview01:22

Biopharmaceutical Factors Influencing Drug Product Design: Overview

119
Rational drug product design integrates knowledge of the drug’s physicochemical properties, formulation components, manufacturing techniques, and intended route of administration. Each factor influences the drug’s performance, including how it is released, absorbed, and eliminated in the body.The physicochemical properties of a drug—such as solubility, stability, and particle size—affect its compatibility with excipients and the choice of dosage form. Excipients, though...
119
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

108
In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses...
108

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Paediatric Formulation: Design and Development.

Antonio Lopalco1, Nunzio Denora1

  • 1Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|September 30, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Developing pediatric medicines requires careful consideration of unique patient needs, including dose flexibility and tolerability. This special issue updates on state-of-the-art methods and challenges in creating effective pediatric formulations.

Keywords:
acceptableage-relatedchildrendesigndevelopmentexcipientformulationpaediatricpalatabletaste-masking

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Pediatric Drug Development
  • Formulation Science

Background:

  • Pediatric medicine development faces unique challenges due to distinct patient population needs.
  • Key considerations include patient variability, dose flexibility, administration routes, compliance, and drug/excipient tolerability.

Discussion:

  • This special issue addresses state-of-the-art methodologies and operational challenges in pediatric formulation design and development.
  • It focuses on advancing age-appropriate treatments for pediatric diseases.
  • Key areas include formulation development, drug delivery design, and the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of drugs and excipients.

Key Insights:

  • Re-evaluation of current practices is needed for significant progress in pediatric drug formulation.
  • Addressing specific pediatric needs is crucial for effective and safe treatments.
  • The collection highlights advancements in formulation development and drug delivery for children.

Outlook:

  • Future efforts should prioritize innovative approaches to pediatric formulation.
  • Continued research is essential to overcome existing challenges in pediatric drug development.
  • Enhancing the efficacy, safety, and tolerability profile of pediatric medicines remains a critical goal.