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Measurement of Quantum Interference in a Silicon Ring Resonator Photon Source
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Interferometric diffuse correlation spectroscopy improves measurements at long source-detector separation and low

Mitchell Robinson1,2,3, David Boas4, Sava Sakadžic1,3

  • 1Athinoula A. Martinos Ctr. for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, United States.

Journal of Biomedical Optics
|October 1, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Interferometric diffuse correlation spectroscopy (iDCS) enhances signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for improved blood flow monitoring. This technique shows promise for better tissue blood flow characterization, especially at greater depths.

Keywords:
biomedical opticsdiffuse correlation spectroscopymedical imagingspeckle interferometryspectroscopy

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Optics
  • Medical Imaging
  • Optical Physics

Background:

  • Diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) noninvasively monitors tissue blood flow for applications in neuromonitoring, exercise science, and breast cancer.
  • Current DCS limitations include inadequate optical sensitivity and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), particularly for adult cerebral blood flow measurements, hindering clinical translation.
  • Improvements in DCS sensitivity and SNR are crucial for broader clinical adoption.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize interferometric diffuse correlation spectroscopy (iDCS) and compare it with traditional homodyne DCS.
  • To evaluate the potential benefits of heterodyne detection in iDCS for blood flow monitoring.

Main Methods:

  • An iDCS system was developed by modifying a homodyne DCS system into a Mach-Zehnder interferometer.
  • Comparisons were made using an intralipid phantom at varying source-detector separations (2.4, 3.6 cm), photon count rates, and reference arm power levels.
  • The precision of diffusion coefficient estimation and SNR of the autocorrelation curve were assessed under conditions mimicking in vivo measurements.

Main Results:

  • The heterodyne autocorrelation function in iDCS aligned with theoretical predictions, enabling accurate diffusion coefficient measurement.
  • Significant improvements in SNR (up to ~2x) and an 80% reduction in diffusion coefficient fit variability were observed with increased reference arm power.
  • These results demonstrate the efficacy of heterodyne detection for enhancing DCS measurements.

Conclusions:

  • Interferometric diffuse correlation spectroscopy (iDCS) offers potential for improved blood flow characterization in tissues.
  • iDCS enhances depth sensitivity and SNR, particularly at extended source-detector separations.
  • This advancement could lead to greater clinical translation of DCS techniques for various medical applications.