Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Menopause01:28

Menopause

3.4K
Menopause, a natural biological process marking the end of a woman's fertility, typically occurs between the fifth and sixth decade of life. This phase is characterized by the exhaustion of the ovarian follicle pool, leading to less responsive ovaries despite the high levels of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH). The consequential decrease in estrogen production results in symptoms like hot flashes, heavy sweating, headaches, hair loss, muscle pains, vaginal...
3.4K
Birth Control Methods01:22

Birth Control Methods

5.6K
Vasectomy is a surgical form of male sterilization that involves severing and sealing the vasa deferentia, preventing sperm from mixing with semen during ejaculation. Because a vasectomy does not impact the testes' ability to produce testosterone, hormone levels, libido, and sexual function generally remain unchanged. While vasectomy is highly effective in preventing pregnancy, with a success rate near 99.85%, rare cases of recanalization (spontaneous reconnection) can occur. Although...
5.6K
Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle01:22

Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle

1.2K
The ovarian cycle regulates endometrial changes throughout a single menstrual cycle via the coordinated action of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotrophins.
At puberty, GnRH begins a pulsatile release pattern, which triggers the anterior pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The frequency and amplitude of GnRH pulses vary across the menstrual cycle, with faster pulses favoring LH release and slower pulses favoring FSH...
1.2K
Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle01:30

Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle

6.1K
The ovarian cycle is meticulously regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This cycle orchestrates the release of a mature oocyte, essential for reproduction.
Before puberty, the hypothalamus releases GnRH in a low frequency, low amplitude pulsatile manner. This along with the immature hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activity, results in low estrogen levels and the absence of a fully functional ovarian cycle.  At puberty, GnRH secretion increases in both frequency and...
6.1K
Ovarian Cycle01:27

Ovarian Cycle

2.8K
The menstrual cycle includes a critical component known as the ovarian cycle, which undergoes two main phases each month—the follicular phase and the luteal phase. The follicular phase is variable and averaging around 14 days. Ovulation, triggered by a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH), marks the transition between the two phases. The second phase, the luteal phase, is relatively consistent, lasting approximately 14 days, and is marked by the activity of the corpus luteum. While a cycle...
2.8K
The Menstrual Cycle01:19

The Menstrual Cycle

2.3K
The menstrual cycle is a recurrent sequence of changes in the uterine endometrium, specifically its functional layer, the stratum functionalis. This cycle prepares the uterus for potential pregnancy. This cycle typically spans 21–35 days, averaging 28 days, and aligns with the ovarian cycle, regulated by fluctuating levels of ovarian hormones, primarily estrogen and progesterone.
The menstrual phase occurs from days 1 to 5 and involves the shedding of the stratum functionalis, as a...
2.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Approach to the Patient: Cases of Hormonal Management in Older Transgender and Gender Diverse Adults.

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism·2026
Same author

A review of estrogens used in menopausal hormone therapy.

Current opinion in obstetrics & gynecology·2026
Same author

Breastfeeding and Chestfeeding Experiences of Cisgender Sexual Minority Women, Transgender, and Gender Diverse Parents.

Journal of human lactation : official journal of International Lactation Consultant Association·2025
Same author

Use of progestin-containing intrauterine systems in hormone therapy regimens: what are the data?

Menopause (New York, N.Y.)·2025
Same author

A Call to Action: Advancing Research, Practice, and Policy for Middle Aged and Older Transgender and Nonbinary Communities.

International journal of transgender health·2025
Same author

Injectable Estradiol Monotherapy Effectively Suppresses Testosterone in Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy.

Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 7, 2025

A Method to Study the Impact of Chemically-induced Ovarian Failure on Exercise Capacity and Cardiac Adaptation in Mice
14:26

A Method to Study the Impact of Chemically-induced Ovarian Failure on Exercise Capacity and Cardiac Adaptation in Mice

Published on: April 7, 2014

15.9K

Perimenopausal contraception.

Amy J Voedisch1, Danit Ariel2

  • 1Division of Family Planning, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology.

Current Opinion in Obstetrics & Gynecology
|October 1, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Perimenopausal women have many safe contraceptive choices, including hormonal and nonhormonal methods. Counseling should consider individual needs and symptoms, as age alone does not contraindicate any method.

More Related Videos

An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause
06:18

An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause

Published on: August 13, 2019

12.7K
Fertility Preservation Through Oocyte Vitrification: Clinical and Laboratory Perspectives
08:46

Fertility Preservation Through Oocyte Vitrification: Clinical and Laboratory Perspectives

Published on: September 16, 2021

6.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 7, 2025

A Method to Study the Impact of Chemically-induced Ovarian Failure on Exercise Capacity and Cardiac Adaptation in Mice
14:26

A Method to Study the Impact of Chemically-induced Ovarian Failure on Exercise Capacity and Cardiac Adaptation in Mice

Published on: April 7, 2014

15.9K
An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause
06:18

An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause

Published on: August 13, 2019

12.7K
Fertility Preservation Through Oocyte Vitrification: Clinical and Laboratory Perspectives
08:46

Fertility Preservation Through Oocyte Vitrification: Clinical and Laboratory Perspectives

Published on: September 16, 2021

6.4K

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Endocrinology
  • Women's Health
  • Contraception

Background:

  • Perimenopause is characterized by reduced fertility but can still result in unintended pregnancies.
  • Access to and use of certain hormonal contraceptives are often unnecessarily restricted in this population.
  • Comprehensive contraceptive counseling is crucial for women experiencing perimenopause.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review available data on contraceptive use and effectiveness during perimenopause.
  • To address concerns regarding the safety and accessibility of hormonal contraceptives in perimenopausal women.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of contraceptive options for perimenopausal women.
  • Analysis of data on the safety and efficacy of various contraceptive methods.

Main Results:

  • No contraceptive method is contraindicated solely based on age during perimenopause.
  • Combined hormonal contraception can manage perimenopausal symptoms and menstrual irregularities.
  • Progestin-only methods can be used alone or with estrogen therapy for contraception and symptom management.
  • Nonhormonal contraceptive options are available for women preferring to avoid hormonal methods.

Conclusions:

  • A wide range of contraceptive options are suitable for perimenopausal women.
  • Individualized selection based on patient preference, comorbidities, and symptoms is key.
  • Effective contraception and management of perimenopausal symptoms can be achieved concurrently.