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Fabrication and Characterization of Superconducting Resonators

Fabrication and Characterization of Superconducting Resonators

Published on: May 21, 2016

Materials loss measurements using superconducting microwave resonators.

C R H McRae¹, H Wang¹, J Gao¹

¹Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA.

The Review of Scientific Instruments

|October 2, 2020

Summary

Superconducting circuit performance for quantum computing is limited by material losses, particularly two-level system (TLS) losses. This review details resonator experiments to identify low-loss materials and fabrication techniques for scalable quantum architectures.

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Area of Science:

Quantum Computing
Materials Science
Superconducting Circuits

Background:

Superconducting circuit performance is hindered by material losses, especially two-level system (TLS) losses at low temperatures and photon powers.
Scalable quantum computing architectures necessitate the identification of low-loss fabrication techniques, materials, and thin-film dielectrics.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide an overview of designing accurate resonator experiments for characterizing material and interface losses in superconducting circuits.
To summarize techniques for assessing performance and studying loss mechanisms relevant to superconducting quantum computing.

Main Methods:

Utilizing superconducting microwave resonators as qubit proxies to study loss mechanisms.
Reviewing experimental considerations including cryogenic setup, device design, and loss extraction methods.
Summarizing over two decades of evolving techniques for materials characterization.

Main Results:

Results from measurements across a variety of materials and processes are compiled.
Identified key factors influencing loss, including TLS, non-equilibrium quasiparticles, and magnetic flux vortices.
Highlighted the importance of accurate loss characterization for material selection.

Conclusions:

Accurate resonator experiments are critical for understanding and mitigating losses in superconducting quantum computing.
Standardized reporting of loss data is recommended to facilitate cross-field material comparisons.
Advancing low-loss materials and fabrication is essential for scalable quantum architectures.