SARS-CoV-2 infection in pediatric population.

Area of Science:

• Virology
• Pediatrics
• Epidemiology

Background:

• The first cases of COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 emerged in December 2019.
• As of July 1st, 2020, over 10.2 million cases and 506,000 deaths were reported globally.
• Italy ranked third in cases and second in deaths, with over 4000 reported pediatric cases, likely an underestimate.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the specific characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the pediatric population.
• To highlight the epidemiological and clinical distinctions of COVID-19 in children compared to adults.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of published studies on pediatric COVID-19 cases.
• Analysis of epidemiological data and clinical presentations of SARS-CoV-2 in children.
• Synthesis of information regarding diagnosis, management, and outcomes in pediatric patients.

Main Results:

• Over 4000 pediatric COVID-19 cases reported in Italy, with a low reported mortality rate (three deaths).
• Pediatric cases are likely underestimated due to limited diagnostic testing and milder symptom presentation.
• The review focuses on the peculiar aspects and variations in SARS-CoV-2 infection among children.

Conclusions:

• SARS-CoV-2 infection in children presents unique epidemiological and clinical features.
• Further research is needed to fully understand the impact and long-term effects of COVID-19 on the pediatric population.
• Accurate data collection and increased testing are crucial for a better understanding of pediatric COVID-19.