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The complement system is a group of approximately 20 plasma proteins that strengthen the body's defenses against infections through opsonization, inflammation, and cell lysis. Opsonization involves coating pathogens with complement proteins, making them more recognizable and facilitating phagocyte engulfment. Certain complement proteins induce inflammation that attracts immune cells to the site of infection. Cell lysis involves the destruction of pathogens through the formation of a...
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Updated: Dec 7, 2025

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Complement in neurological disorders and emerging complement-targeted therapeutics.

Marinos C Dalakas1,2, Harry Alexopoulos3, Peter J Spaeth4

  • 1Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA. mdalakas@med.uoa.gr.

Nature Reviews. Neurology
|October 2, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The complement system plays a key role in neurological disorders. Understanding complement pathways and targeted immunotherapies offers new hope for treating conditions like Alzheimer disease and myasthenia.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Complement System Biology

Background:

  • The complement system is crucial for immune surveillance and tissue homeostasis.
  • Its dysregulation is implicated in autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the functions of complement pathways in neurological disorders.
  • To discuss complement's role in autoimmune and neurodegenerative conditions.
  • To overview complement-targeted immunotherapies for neurological diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of complement system functions.
  • Analysis of complement involvement in neurological conditions.
  • Summary of current and emerging immunotherapies.

Main Results:

  • Complement proteins target various neurological tissues, including the brain and neuromuscular junction.
  • Complement activation contributes to myopathies, neuropathies, and CNS disorders.
  • Emerging evidence links complement to Alzheimer disease, ALS, and schizophrenia.

Conclusions:

  • Complement system dysregulation is a significant factor in neurological disease pathogenesis.
  • Targeted immunotherapies show promise for treating neurological conditions with poor prognoses.