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Related Concept Videos

Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration01:21

Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration

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Stem cell therapy is a method used in regenerative medicine to repair and restore function to damaged tissues and organs. Stem cells have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into various tissue types, making them ideal candidates for tissue regeneration. For example, hematopoietic stem cell transplants are commonly used in blood cancer treatment to replenish damaged bone marrow and restore healthy blood cells.
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells01:19

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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their...
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Updated: Dec 7, 2025

Treatment of Osteochondral Defects in the Rabbit's Knee Joint by Implantation of Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Fibrin Clots
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Advancing application of mesenchymal stem cell-based bone tissue regeneration.

Fengqing Shang1,2, Yang Yu3, Shiyu Liu1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research, Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China.

Bioactive Materials
|October 2, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Bone defect reconstruction is challenging. This study reviews biomaterials and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for bone regeneration, offering strategies for improved outcomes in tissue engineering.

Keywords:
BiomaterialsBone healingCell-sheets/ -aggregatesCytotherapyExosomesExtracellular matrixMesenchymal stem cellsRegenerative medicine

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Orthopedic Surgery

Background:

  • Bone defect reconstruction, particularly for critical-sized defects, remains a significant clinical challenge.
  • Biomaterials derived from human bone tissue offer promising properties for skeletal repair.
  • Achieving clinical translation requires regenerative biomaterials to be efficacious, safe, cost-effective, and convenient.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current biomaterials and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) applications for bone regeneration.
  • To explore ECM-mimicking biomaterials and decellularized ECM scaffolds for bone tissue restoration.
  • To present principles and strategies for optimizing MSC-mediated bone regeneration.

Main Methods:

  • Review of autogenous/allogenic and ECM-based bone biomaterials.
  • Analysis of various MSC-mediated bone healing strategies, including cell therapy and biomaterial-based approaches.
  • Discussion of scaffold-free and cell-free delivery systems using MSC-derived components.

Main Results:

  • Extracellular matrix (ECM)-mimicking biomaterials and decellularized ECM scaffolds show potential for bone tissue engineering.
  • Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) demonstrate significant promise in facilitating bone healing, even in challenging microenvironments.
  • Multiple MSC-based strategies, including cytotherapy and advanced delivery systems, have shown efficacy in preclinical and clinical studies.

Conclusions:

  • Optimizing biomaterials and MSC-based strategies is crucial for successful bone defect reconstruction.
  • Further research into ECM-mimicking materials and advanced MSC delivery systems can enhance bone regeneration.
  • This review provides a framework for developing effective strategies in orthopedic reconstructive surgery and tissue engineering.