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TiO2 nanotube array-modified electrodes for L-cysteine biosensing: experimental and density-functional theory study.

Muhammad Hussain1, Nilem Khaliq2, Amjad Nisar3

  • 1Department of Physics, GC University Faisalabad Sub Campus Sahiwal, Punjab, Pakistan.

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|October 2, 2020
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Summary

We developed a simple, non-enzymatic method to detect L-cysteine (L-Cyst) using titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanotube arrays on electrodes. This offers a sensitive and stable approach for detecting L-Cyst in biological samples.

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Biomedical Sensing

Background:

  • L-cysteine (L-Cyst) is a crucial amino acid involved in various biological processes.
  • Accurate detection of L-Cyst is vital for diagnosing and monitoring several diseases.
  • Existing detection methods often rely on enzymes, which can be unstable and costly.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a facile, enzyme-free electrochemical method for L-Cyst detection.
  • To utilize free-standing titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanotube (TNT) arrays for enhanced sensing.
  • To investigate the electrochemical properties and performance of TNT-modified electrodes for L-Cyst detection.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of self-organized, vertically oriented TNT arrays on glassy carbon electrodes (GCEs) via anodization.
  • Electrochemical characterization using cyclic voltammetry and amperometry.
  • Optimization of detection parameters including pH and temperature.
  • Real sample analysis using human blood serum.
  • Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations to understand adsorption mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • The TNT-modified GCE exhibited significantly higher current response compared to the pristine GCE.
  • High sensitivity (∼1.68 µA mM⁻¹ cm⁻²) and a low detection limit (∼0.1 mM) were achieved.
  • The electrode showed sensitivity to pH and temperature variations.
  • Successful detection of L-Cyst in human blood serum with good recovery rates.
  • DFT analysis confirmed strong affinity and chemisorption of L-Cyst on TNTs, reducing the energy gap.

Conclusions:

  • The developed non-enzymatic method using TNT-modified GCEs is highly sensitive, selective, and stable for L-Cyst detection.
  • TNT arrays offer excellent electrocatalytic activity and surface area for biosensing applications.
  • This approach holds promise for the development of advanced enzyme-free biosensors for various biological analytes.