Serotonin research: Crossing scales and boundaries

Nearly 100 years after the discovery of serotonin, its role remains elusive. Modulation of serotonin transmission is considered in numerous central nervous system (CNS) diseases including depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorders, addiction, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease. The therapeutic strategies based on serotonin systems have evolved thanks to better identification of the involvement of serotonin in various diseases, the better use of animal models, a better understanding of the molecular environment of serotonin receptors, and ultimately the better understanding of the interaction of serotonin neurotransmission with other biological systems. Some 5-HT receptors are still the object of numerous investigations including 5-HT_1A, 5-HT_2A, and 5-HT₆ receptor subtypes. It is noteworthy that the direction of research is moving towards a simultaneous action at multiple targets either through different 5-HT targets or the consideration of both 5-HT and other targets to achieve better therapeutic responses.