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Related Concept Videos

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm01:29

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

2.2K
Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
Arrhythmias are categorized by their speed, rhythm, and origin. A slow heart...
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Dysrhythmias III: Characteristics of Dysrhythmias01:29

Dysrhythmias III: Characteristics of Dysrhythmias

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Dysrhythmias, also known as arrhythmias, are irregular heart rhythms that result from abnormal electrical activity in the heart, affecting its ability to circulate blood efficiently. Tachyarrhythmias, a subset of dysrhythmias, are characterized by abnormally fast heart rates exceeding 100 beats per minute. Here are some types of tachyarrhythmias with their distinct ECG features:Sinus Tachycardia:Sinus tachycardia presents a regular heart rhythm with an increased rate of 101-180 beats per...
286
ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias01:25

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias

301
Arrhythmia is a condition characterized by an irregular heart rhythm, with ECG changes that differ based on its origin and nature. The types of arrhythmias discussed below include atrial, junctional, and ventricular arrhythmias.Atrial ArrhythmiasPremature Atrial Complexes (PACs): PACs are early atrial beats caused by stress, caffeine, alcohol, electrolyte imbalances, hypoxia, hyperthyroidism, or certain medications (e.g., bronchodilators and decongestants). The ECG shows early P waves with an...
301
Dysrhythmias VI: Management of Dysrhythmias01:25

Dysrhythmias VI: Management of Dysrhythmias

261
Dysrhythmia management involves a multifaceted approach, incorporating pharmacological treatments, medical procedures, surgical interventions, lifestyle modifications, and patient education.Pharmacological ManagementAntiarrhythmic Drugs:Class I (Sodium Channel Blockers): This class includes quinidine and procainamide, which reduce the speed of impulse conduction in the heart, stabilize the cardiac membrane, and control arrhythmias. Quinidine and procainamide are Class IA agents that prolong the...
261
Dysrhythmias II: Classification of Tachyarrhythmias01:28

Dysrhythmias II: Classification of Tachyarrhythmias

359
Tachyarrhythmias are a type of dysrhythmia where the heart rate exceeds 100 beats per minute. Here are some common types of tachyarrhythmias:Sinus TachycardiaSinus tachycardia originates from increased impulses from the sinus node, leading to an elevated heart rate. It is often triggered by stress, fever, or exercise.Patients may experience palpitations, a sensation of a racing heart, dizziness, and chest discomfort.Causes and Risk Factors: Common causes include physical exertion, emotional...
359
Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias01:18

Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias

348
Bradyarrhythmias are cardiac rhythm disorders characterized by a slower-than-normal heart rate, typically defined as fewer than 60 beats per minute. Some of which are discussed here:Sinus BradycardiaSinus bradycardia presents a heart rate lower than 60 beats per minute, with a regular rhythm originating from the SA node. The ECG typically shows normal P waves preceding each QRS complex, a normal PR interval (0.12 to 0.20 seconds), and a normal QRS duration (0.06 to 0.10 seconds).First-Degree AV...
348

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 7, 2025

Optimization of Transesophageal Atrial Pacing to Assess Atrial Fibrillation Susceptibility in Mice
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Ventricular tachycardia induced by pacing algorithm designed to avoid atrial fibrillation.

David Roque1, Nuno Cabanelas1, João Augusto1

  • 1Serviço de Cardiologia, Hospital Professor Doutor Fernando da Fonseca, EPE, Amadora, Portugal.

Revista Portuguesa De Cardiologia
|October 3, 2020
PubMed
Summary

A dual-chamber pacemaker malfunction triggered ventricular tachycardia in a patient. An upgrade to an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator and planned ablation were necessary due to a vulnerable cardiac substrate.

Keywords:
Algoritmo de pacemakerNon-competitive atrial pacingPacemaker algorithmPacing auricular não competitivoTaquicardia ventricularVentricular tachycardia

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Electrophysiology
  • Medical Devices

Background:

  • A patient presented with syncopal sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia.
  • The event occurred shortly after out-of-hospital cardioversion.

Observation:

  • Device interrogation revealed an abnormally timed ventricular pacemaker spike.
  • This was linked to a pacemaker algorithm intended to prevent atrial fibrillation (non-competitive atrial pacing).

Findings:

  • The ventricular tachycardia was triggered by inappropriate pacing in the setting of a vulnerable myocardial substrate.
  • Despite no significant coronary lesions, a hypokinetic and hyperechogenic ventricular region was identified.

Implications:

  • An upgrade to a dual-chamber implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) was performed.
  • Substrate ablation was planned to address the underlying arrhythmogenic substrate and prevent future events.