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DNA as a Genetic Template

DNA as a Genetic Template

Two structural features of the DNA molecule provide a basis for the mechanisms of heredity: the four nucleotide bases and its double-stranded nature. The Watson-Crick model of double-helical DNA structure, proposed in 1952, drew heavily upon the X-ray crystallography work of researchers Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins. Watson, Crick, and Wilkins jointly received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work in 1962. Franklin was, controversially, excluded from the prize for...

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The flow of genetic information in cells from DNA to mRNA to protein is described by the central dogma, which states that genes specify the sequence of mRNAs, which in turn specify the sequence of amino acids making up all proteins. The decoding of one molecule to another is performed by specific proteins and RNAs. Because the information stored in DNA is so central to cellular function, it makes intuitive sense that the cell would make mRNA copies of this information for protein synthesis...

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Deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA, is the genetic material responsible for passing traits from generation to generation in all organisms and most viruses. DNA is composed of two strands of nucleotides that wind around each other to form a spring-like structure called a double helix. However, the double helix is not perfectly symmetrical. Instead, there are regularly occurring grooves in the structure. The major groove occurs where the sugar-phosphate backbones are relatively far apart. This space...

The Central Dogma

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Updated: Dec 7, 2025

DNA-Tethered RNA Polymerase for Programmable In vitro Transcription and Molecular Computation

DNA-Tethered RNA Polymerase for Programmable In vitro Transcription and Molecular Computation

Published on: December 29, 2021

Encoding scheme for data storage and retrieval on DNA computers.

Dolly Sharma¹, Ranjit Kumar², Mayuri Gupta³

¹Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, Shiv Nadar University NCR, India. dolly.sharma@snu.edu.in.

IET Nanobiotechnology

|October 3, 2020

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a new DNA data storage encoding scheme. This method offers controllable redundancy and achieved 94% data retrieval accuracy, improving with higher redundancy.

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Area of Science:

Biotechnology
Data Science
Bioinformatics

Background:

Exponential data growth necessitates novel storage solutions.
Existing storage media face limitations in density and longevity.
Synthetic DNA offers high storage density (1 exabyte/mm³) and long-term stability.

Purpose of the Study:

To present a novel encoding scheme for DNA-based data storage.
To enable controllable redundancy and reliability in DNA data storage.
To analyze the feasibility, time, and space complexity of the proposed method.

Main Methods:

Developed a DNA encoding scheme minimizing bases per letter ratio.
Implemented controllable redundancy levels.
Experimented with three data types and redundancy values of 0.75 and 1.

Main Results:

Achieved approximately 94% data retrieval accuracy with redundancy at 0.75.
Attained 100% data retrieval accuracy when redundancy was increased to 1.
Demonstrated the feasibility and analyzed the complexity of the encoding scheme.

Conclusions:

The proposed encoding scheme is a feasible approach for reliable DNA data storage.
Controllable redundancy is key to achieving high data retrieval accuracy.
DNA storage presents a promising solution for future data archiving needs.