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Quantifying gender norm resistance.

Matthew G Nielson1, Carol Lynn Martin1, Leoandra Onnie Rogers2

  • 1T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University, 951 Cady Mall #144, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces the Gender Norm Resistance measure for adolescents, identifying indirect and direct resistance types. Findings reveal gender differences and varied experiences of resistance among early adolescents.

Keywords:
AdolescenceGender differenceGender normsResistance

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Sociology
  • Adolescent Development

Background:

  • Previous research identified indirect and direct gender norm resistance in adolescents.
  • These types are motivated by gender-atypicality preference or a desire to change norms, respectively.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate the Gender Norm Resistance measure.
  • To explore the relationship between gender norm resistance, gender self-concepts, and peer relations.
  • To examine gender differences in gender norm resistance.

Main Methods:

  • Developed the Gender Norm Resistance measure.
  • Utilized factor analyses (EFA, CFA) and bivariate correlations for validity.
  • Employed ANOVAs to analyze mean differences in a sample of 484 early adolescents.

Main Results:

  • Validated the Gender Norm Resistance measure, confirming indirect and direct resistance types.
  • Found significant mean differences across participant gender.
  • Observed mean differences across types of gender norm resistance.

Conclusions:

  • The Gender Norm Resistance measure demonstrates validity and utility.
  • Adolescents experience indirect and direct gender norm resistance distinctly.
  • Felt pressure to conform plays a limited role in gender norm resistance.