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Related Concept Videos

Electrical Synapses01:28

Electrical Synapses

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Electrical synapses found in all nervous systems play important and unique roles. In these synapses, the presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes are very close together (3.5 nm) and are actually physically connected by channel proteins forming gap junctions.
Gap junctions allow the current to pass directly from one cell to the next. In contrast, in the chemical synapse, the neurotransmitters carry the information through the synaptic cleft from one neuron to the next. They consist of two...
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A postsynaptic neuron usually receives numerous impulses from several other presynaptic neurons. The axon hillock of the postsynaptic neuron integrates all these signals and determines the likelihood of firing an action potential.
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Neuronal Communication01:28

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Neurons, the fundamental units of the brain and nervous system, communicate through complex electrochemical signals that underpin all cognitive and bodily functions. This communication is primarily facilitated by a process involving the generation and propagation of an action potential along the axon of the neuron. When the internal electrical charge of a neuron surpasses a certain threshold, an action potential is triggered. This rapid change in voltage travels swiftly along the axon to the...
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Neural circuits and neuronal pools are two of the main structures found in the nervous system. Neural circuits are networks of neurons that work together to carry out a specific task or process. They consist of interconnected neurons and glial cells, which provide structural and metabolic support.
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Overview of Synapses01:25

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A synapse is a specialized structure where two neurons connect, allowing them to pass an electrical or chemical signal to another neuron. It is the point of communication between neurons. The term "synapse" is derived from the Greek word "synapsis," which means "conjunction." The entire process of neural communication revolves around the synapse. When activated, a neuron releases chemicals known as neurotransmitters into the synapse. These neurotransmitters cross the synapse and bind to...
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The propagation of an action potential refers to the process by which a nerve impulse, or "action potential," travels along a neuron.
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Influence of Delayed Conductance on Neuronal Synchronization.

Paulo R Protachevicz1,2, Fernando S Borges3, Kelly C Iarosz1,4,5

  • 1Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.

Frontiers in Physiology
|October 5, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Time delays in neural network conductances, not just intensity, influence synchronization. Short delays in inhibitory conductances are crucial for preventing abnormal brain activity and maintaining healthy neuronal function.

Keywords:
conductanceintegrate-and-fireneuronal networksynchronizationtime delay

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Computational Neuroscience
  • Systems Neuroscience

Background:

  • The excitation-inhibition balance is critical for preventing abnormal synchronous neuronal activity in the brain.
  • Synaptic conductance intensity alone may not fully explain undesired neuronal synchronization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of time delays in excitatory and inhibitory conductances on neuronal synchronization.
  • To explore how these delays affect the collective behavior and firing patterns of neurons.

Main Methods:

  • Construction of a neuronal network using adaptive integrate-and-fire neurons.
  • Coupling neurons via conductances with introduced time delays.
  • Analysis of network states (synchronous/desynchronous) and firing patterns (spike/burst) under varying delay conditions.

Main Results:

  • Time delays in both excitatory and inhibitory conductances can alter neuronal synchronization states and types (spike vs. burst).
  • Synchronization in weak coupling correlates with extreme mean firing frequencies and synaptic currents.
  • Synchronous bursting can occur with inhibitory delays in strong coupling; desynchronous spiking is observed with equal delays.
  • Short delays in inhibitory conductance are identified as key to preventing abnormal synchronization.

Conclusions:

  • Neuronal synchronization is sensitive to the timing of synaptic inputs, not just their strength.
  • Time delays, particularly in inhibitory conductances, play a significant role in regulating network dynamics and preventing pathological synchronization.
  • Understanding these delay-dependent mechanisms is crucial for comprehending brain function and dysfunction.