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The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 6, 2025

An Optogenetic Method to Control and Analyze Gene Expression Patterns in Cell-to-cell Interactions
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Novel Tunable Spatio-Temporal Patterns From a Simple Genetic Oscillator Circuit.

Guillermo Yáñez Feliú1, Gonzalo Vidal2, Macarena Muñoz Silva2

  • 1Department of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.

Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology
|October 5, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Synthetic biology circuits can create traveling gene expression waves in cell colonies. Mechanical constraints and protein dilution drive these patterns, with speed linked to degradation and wavelength to expression rates.

Keywords:
biodesigncellModellergenetic circuitsrepressilatorspatio-temporal patternssynthetic biologytraveling waves

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Area of Science:

  • Synthetic Biology
  • Systems Biology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Multicellularity enables complex behaviors through coordinated cell actions.
  • Genetic oscillators regulate multicellular systems, development, and regeneration.
  • Synthetic genetic circuits can produce oscillations in single cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate coupling between synthetic genetic oscillators and cell growth constraints.
  • Understand how simple genetic circuits encode complex multicellular behaviors.
  • Develop a framework for designing spatio-temporal patterns in synthetic biology.

Main Methods:

  • In silico modeling of mechanical constraints on cell colony growth.
  • One-dimensional model of repressilator coupled to growth rate inhomogeneity.
  • Analytical derivation of relationships between parameters and wave characteristics.
  • Comparison with individual-based simulations and published experimental results.

Main Results:

  • Mechanical constraints create growth rate inhomogeneity in cell colonies.
  • Coupling repressilator to growth rate generates traveling gene expression waves.
  • Wave speed determined by protein degradation rate; wavelength by maximum expression rate.
  • Static ring patterns observed with high protein stability, induced by growth rate dilution.

Conclusions:

  • Growth rate dilution can induce static ring patterns without stationary phase transition.
  • The study provides a framework for rational design of spatio-temporal patterns.
  • Results offer testable predictions for synthetic biology design-build-test-learn cycles.