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Related Concept Videos

Ion Exchange01:17

Ion Exchange

937
Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or...
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Electrolysis03:00

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In a galvanic cell, the electrical work is done by a redox system on its surroundings as electrons produced by the spontaneous redox reactions are transferred through an external circuit. Alternatively, an external circuit does work on a redox system by imposing a voltage sufficient to drive an otherwise nonspontaneous reaction in a process known as electrolysis. For instance, recharging a battery involves the use of an external power source to drive the spontaneous (discharge) cell reaction in...
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Primary Active Transport01:29

Primary Active Transport

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In contrast to passive transport, active transport involves a substance being moved through membranes in a direction against its concentration or electrochemical gradient. There are two types of active transport: primary active transport and secondary active transport. Primary active transport utilizes chemical energy from ATP to drive protein pumps embedded in the cell membrane. With energy from ATP, the pumps transport ions against their electrochemical gradients—a direction they would...
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Primary Active Transport01:47

Primary Active Transport

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In contrast to passive transport, active transport involves a substance being moved through membranes in a direction against its concentration or electrochemical gradient. There are two types of active transport: primary active transport and secondary active transport. Primary active transport utilizes chemical energy from ATP to drive protein pumps that are embedded in the cell membrane. With energy from ATP, the pumps transport ions against their electrochemical gradients—a direction...
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Ionic Strength: Effects on Chemical Equilibria01:19

Ionic Strength: Effects on Chemical Equilibria

2.3K
The addition of an inert ionic compound increases the solubility of a sparingly soluble salt. For example, adding potassium nitrate to a saturated solution of calcium sulfate significantly enhances the solubility of calcium sulfate. Le Châtelier's principle cannot predict this shift in the equilibrium. Instead, this could be explained in terms of changes in the effective concentration of the ions in solution in the presence of added inert salt.
In this solution, the primary...
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Precipitation of Ions03:11

Precipitation of Ions

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Predicting Precipitation
The equation that describes the equilibrium between solid calcium carbonate and its solvated ions is:
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Measuring Cation Transport by Na,K- and H,K-ATPase in Xenopus Oocytes by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry: An Alternative to Radioisotope Assays
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Intercalation-Induced Conversion Reactions Give High-Capacity Potassium Storage.

Jinzhi Sheng1, Tianshuai Wang2, Junyang Tan1

  • 1Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute & Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.

ACS Nano
|October 5, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Potassium ion batteries (PIBs) show promise for energy storage. Understanding intercalation and conversion reactions in electrode materials like MoSe2 and MoS2 is key to improving PIB performance.

Keywords:
crystal structureheterogeneous nanostructureion storage mechanismmolybdenum dichalcogenidespotassium ion batteries

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Making, Testing, and Using Potassium Ion Selective Microelectrodes in Tissue Slices of Adult Brain
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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Potassium ion batteries (PIBs) are a promising next-generation energy storage system due to potassium's abundance and low redox potential.
  • Conversion-type electrode materials are suitable for K+ ion storage due to the large ionic radius of K+.
  • The triggering mechanism for conversion reactions in PIB anode materials remains unclear, hindering development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the K+ ion storage mechanism in MoSe2, MoS2, and MoO2 as model anode materials.
  • To elucidate the relationship between intercalation and conversion reactions in these materials.
  • To provide guidance for selecting high-performance electrode materials for PIBs.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical calculations guided the selection of MoSe2, MoS2, and MoO2.
  • Ex situ characterization techniques were employed to analyze the K+ ion storage process.
  • Comparative analysis of MoSe2-rGO, MoS2-rGO, and MoO2-rGO hybrids was performed.

Main Results:

  • Intercalation reactions were found to preferentially occur in MoSe2 and MoS2, attributed to larger interlayer spacing and lower K+ intercalation barriers.
  • An adsorption reaction was preferential in MoO2.
  • Preferential intercalation in MoSe2 and MoS2 induced subsequent conversion reactions, leading to higher reversible capacities in MoSe2-rGO and MoS2-rGO hybrids compared to MoO2-rGO.

Conclusions:

  • The study reveals that intercalation reactions can trigger conversion reactions, enhancing K+ storage capacity.
  • MoSe2 and MoS2 exhibit superior performance over MoO2 as anode materials for PIBs due to favorable intercalation kinetics.
  • Understanding the interplay between intercalation and conversion mechanisms is crucial for designing advanced PIB electrode materials.