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Related Concept Videos

Bonding in Metals02:32

Bonding in Metals

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Metallic bonds are formed between two metal atoms. A simplified model to describe metallic bonding has been developed by Paul Drüde called the “Electron Sea Model”. 
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Metallic Solids

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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
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Network Covalent Solids02:18

Network Covalent Solids

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Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
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Properties of Organometallic Compounds01:23

Properties of Organometallic Compounds

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Organometallic compounds are compounds that contain a carbon–metal bond. Carbon belongs to an organyl group like alkyl, aryl, allyl, or benzyl groups. The metal can be from Group I or Group II of the periodic table, a transition metal, or a semimetal.
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Metal-Semiconductor Junctions01:24

Metal-Semiconductor Junctions

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The contact of metal and semiconductor can lead to the formation of a junction with either Schottky or Ohmic behavior.
Schottky Barriers
Schottky barriers arise when a metal with a work function (Φm) contacts a semiconductor with a different work function (Φs). Initially, electrons transfer until the Fermi levels of the metal and semiconductor align at equilibrium. For instance, if Φm > Φs, the semiconductor Fermi level is higher than the metal's before contact. The...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 6, 2025

Assessment of Boron Doped Diamond Electrode Quality and Application to In Situ Modification of Local pH by Water Electrolysis
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Metallization of diamond.

Zhe Shi1,2, Ming Dao3, Evgenii Tsymbalov4

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|October 6, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Diamond can be metallized and its bandgap altered reversibly using mechanical strain. This strain engineering approach avoids phonon instability, opening new avenues for diamond

Keywords:
elastic strain engineeringmachine learningmaterials under extreme conditionsmetallic diamondmultiscale simulations

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Computational Materials Science

Background:

  • Nanoscale diamond exhibits ultralarge elastic deformation.
  • Machine learning advances enable detailed study of diamond's electronic and phonon structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the metallization of diamond under mechanical strain.
  • Determine if diamond's ultrawide bandgap can vanish without inducing phonon instability.
  • Explore reversible bandgap transitions (indirect-to-direct) via strain engineering.

Main Methods:

  • First-principles calculations.
  • Finite-element simulations validated by experimental data.
  • Neural network learning for structure prediction.

Main Results:

  • Achieved reversible metallization and demetallization of diamond below phonon instability thresholds.
  • Demonstrated reversible indirect-to-direct bandgap transitions through controlled strain.
  • Identified specific strain pathways in six-dimensional space for metallization across different geometries.
  • Characterized conditions promoting phase transition to graphite due to phonon instability.

Conclusions:

  • Strain engineering offers a viable method for tuning diamond's electronic and optical properties.
  • Reversible metallization and bandgap modification are achievable without compromising structural stability.
  • Findings pave the way for novel electronic, photonic, and quantum applications utilizing engineered diamond.