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Related Concept Videos

Dysrhythmias III: Characteristics of Dysrhythmias01:29

Dysrhythmias III: Characteristics of Dysrhythmias

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Dysrhythmias, also known as arrhythmias, are irregular heart rhythms that result from abnormal electrical activity in the heart, affecting its ability to circulate blood efficiently. Tachyarrhythmias, a subset of dysrhythmias, are characterized by abnormally fast heart rates exceeding 100 beats per minute. Here are some types of tachyarrhythmias with their distinct ECG features:Sinus Tachycardia:Sinus tachycardia presents a regular heart rhythm with an increased rate of 101-180 beats per...
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Tachyarrhythmias are a type of dysrhythmia where the heart rate exceeds 100 beats per minute. Here are some common types of tachyarrhythmias:Sinus TachycardiaSinus tachycardia originates from increased impulses from the sinus node, leading to an elevated heart rate. It is often triggered by stress, fever, or exercise.Patients may experience palpitations, a sensation of a racing heart, dizziness, and chest discomfort.Causes and Risk Factors: Common causes include physical exertion, emotional...
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Arrhythmia is a condition characterized by an irregular heart rhythm, with ECG changes that differ based on its origin and nature. The types of arrhythmias discussed below include atrial, junctional, and ventricular arrhythmias.Atrial ArrhythmiasPremature Atrial Complexes (PACs): PACs are early atrial beats caused by stress, caffeine, alcohol, electrolyte imbalances, hypoxia, hyperthyroidism, or certain medications (e.g., bronchodilators and decongestants). The ECG shows early P waves with an...
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Disturbances in Heart Rhythm01:29

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Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
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Increased pulse rate01:17

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Tachycardia is a condition marked by an abnormally fast or irregular heart rate, surpassing the typical resting rate. In adults, tachycardia is characterized by a pulse rate ranging from 100 to 180 beats per minute. The increased heart rate can result in inadequate blood flow to various body parts, ultimately diminishing the oxygen supply to organs and tissues.
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Tachycardia-Induced Cardiomyopathy As a Chronic Heart Failure Model in Swine
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Junctional ectopic tachycardia (JET).

Mohammad Alasti1, Sam Mirzaee1, Colin Machado1

  • 1Monash Cardiac Rhythm Management Department MonashHEART Monash Medical Centre Melbourne Vic. Australia.

Journal of Arrhythmia
|October 7, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Junctional ectopic tachycardia (JET) is a rapid heart rhythm originating near the AV node, often seen in children. While difficult to treat medically, catheter ablation is effective for refractory cases.

Keywords:
arrhythmiaectopicfocaljunctional tachycardiapediatricspostoperative

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Pediatric Electrophysiology
  • Cardiac Arrhythmias

Background:

  • Junctional ectopic tachycardia (JET) is a significant tachyarrhythmia originating from the atrioventricular node and His bundle region.
  • Enhanced normal automaticity is the presumed primary mechanism driving JET in most affected individuals.
  • JET is notably more prevalent in pediatric populations and can manifest in congenital forms or post-operatively.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the characteristics and management challenges of junctional ectopic tachycardia (JET).
  • To highlight the diagnostic difficulties in differentiating JET from other supraventricular tachycardias like AVNRT.
  • To emphasize the role of catheter ablation in refractory JET cases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on junctional ectopic tachycardia.
  • Analysis of clinical presentations, including narrow and wide complex tachycardia patterns.
  • Evaluation of treatment strategies, focusing on medical management and interventional procedures.

Main Results:

  • JET commonly presents as a narrow complex tachycardia but can exhibit wide complexes due to aberrant conduction.
  • Distinguishing JET from atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) poses a clinical challenge.
  • Medical therapies for JET are often limited in efficacy, necessitating alternative approaches.

Conclusions:

  • Catheter ablation is the primary treatment modality for refractory cases of junctional ectopic tachycardia.
  • Interventional treatment carries risks, including atrioventricular block and potential recurrence of the arrhythmia.
  • Effective management of JET requires a thorough understanding of its mechanisms and therapeutic options.