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Updated: Dec 6, 2025

Procoagulant Platelet Characterization by Measuring Phosphatidylserine Exposure and Microvesicle Release from Human Purified Platelets
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Platelet Extracellular Vesicles: Beyond the Blood.

Florian Puhm1,2, Eric Boilard1,2, Kellie R Machlus3

  • 1Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Canada (F.P., E.B.).

Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology
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Platelet extracellular vesicles (EVs) are key communicators, transferring diverse molecules beyond hemostasis. These potent EVs reach sites inaccessible to platelets, influencing various biological processes.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Hematology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Extracellular vesicles (EVs) mediate intercellular communication by transferring molecules.
  • Platelets, anucleate blood cells, generate EVs upon activation, initially linked to coagulation.
  • The role of platelet EVs in hemostasis is debated due to redundancy and challenged significance in coagulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the diverse roles of platelet-derived EVs beyond their traditional hemostatic functions.
  • To highlight the molecular cargo and tissue-penetrating capabilities of platelet EVs.
  • To emphasize the significance of platelet EVs in various physiological and pathological contexts.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on platelet extracellular vesicles.
  • Analysis of platelet EV cargo composition (lipids, proteins, nucleic acids).
  • Examination of platelet EV biodistribution and tissue accessibility.

Main Results:

  • Platelet EVs carry diverse molecular cargo beyond procoagulant factors.
  • Platelet EVs can access biological fluids like lymph and synovial fluid, unlike parent platelets.
  • Evidence suggests platelet EVs are involved in numerous biological processes beyond hemostasis.

Conclusions:

  • Platelet-derived EVs play crucial roles in cell-to-cell communication and molecular exchange.
  • The functions of platelet EVs extend significantly beyond hemostasis and coagulation.
  • Platelet EVs represent important mediators in diverse physiological and pathological conditions.