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Adverse effects of perinatal illness severity on neurodevelopment are partially mediated by early brain abnormalities

J W Logan1, J Tan2, M Skalak3

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA. JWells.Logan@NationwideChildrens.org.

Journal of Perinatology : Official Journal of the California Perinatal Association
|October 8, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) biomarkers at term gestation significantly mediate the link between perinatal illness severity and infant neurodevelopmental outcomes. These brain imaging markers help explain how early health issues impact long-term cognitive development.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal neuroscience
  • Developmental pediatrics
  • Medical imaging

Background:

  • Perinatal illness severity in preterm infants impacts neurodevelopmental outcomes.
  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers insights into brain development and injury.
  • Understanding mediating factors is crucial for improving long-term prognoses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mediating role of MRI biomarkers in term-born infants.
  • To assess how brain maturation or injury indices link perinatal illness severity to neurodevelopment.
  • To analyze the relationship between the Clinical Risk Index for Babies-second edition (CRIB-II) and neurodevelopmental outcomes via MRI.

Main Methods:

  • Correlation analysis between CRIB-II, MRI biomarkers, and 2-year neurodevelopmental follow-up.
  • Counterfactual mediation analysis to determine indirect effects.
  • Focus on infants born before 32 weeks gestation.

Main Results:

  • CRIB-II scores significantly correlated with neurodevelopment and MRI biomarkers.
  • Cortical surface area and global injury score on MRI were key biomarkers.
  • These biomarkers were significantly associated with neurodevelopmental scores at follow-up.

Conclusions:

  • MRI biomarkers of cortical maturation and brain injury mediate the impact of perinatal illness severity on neurodevelopment.
  • These findings highlight the importance of early brain assessment in preterm infants.
  • Term-equivalent age MRI biomarkers provide valuable prognostic information for neurodevelopmental outcomes at 2 years corrected age.
Abstract

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