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Mechanical Characteristics of Steel

Mechanical Characteristics of Steel

The mechanical characteristics of steel are assessed through various tests that evaluate its strength, toughness, and flexibility. These tests include tension, torsion, impact, bending, and hardness assessments, each providing crucial information about steel's suitability for specific applications.
The tension test is fundamental for determining tensile strength. In this test, a steel specimen is stretched using a gripping device until it breaks. The data collected during this test are used...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 6, 2025

Micromechanical Tension Testing of Additively Manufactured 17-4 PH Stainless Steel Specimens

Micromechanical Tension Testing of Additively Manufactured 17-4 PH Stainless Steel Specimens

Published on: April 7, 2021

Tracking Defects and Microstructural Heterogeneities in Meso-Scale Tensile Specimens Excised from Additively

J T Benzing¹, L A Liew¹, N Hrabe¹

¹Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, MS-647 Boulder CO 80305 USA.

Experimental Mechanics

|October 8, 2020

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Small-scale tensile testing of additively manufactured parts reveals how defects like porosity affect mechanical properties. This method allows detailed assessment of material behavior at the meso-scale.

Keywords:

Additive manufacturing (AM)Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD)Meso-scale Tension test Ti-6Al-4V X-ray computed tomography (CT)

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Mechanical Engineering
Additive Manufacturing

Background:

Additive manufacturing (AM) of metal parts is expanding in aerospace and biomedical fields.
AM parts often have limitations in non-critical applications due to internal porosity and microstructural variations.
Small-scale mechanical testing is crucial for developing measurement standards for AM.

Purpose of the Study:

To demonstrate that meso-scale tensile specimens from AM parts can be used to assess the impact of defects on mechanical properties.
To enable tracking of sub-surface and visible features (porosity, heterogeneities) during deformation.
To evaluate the individual contributions of defects to the overall deformation behavior.

Main Methods:

Excising meso-scale tensile specimens from additively manufactured parts using electrical discharge machining (EDM).
Characterizing location- and orientation-specific mechanical properties.
Tracking porosity and microstructural heterogeneities throughout the specimen gauge section.

Main Results:

Meso-scale tensile testing successfully enabled tracking of internal and visible defects.
The method allows for the assessment of how individual defects influence deformation behavior.
This approach advances the understanding of mechanical properties in AM parts.

Conclusions:

Meso-scale tensile testing is a viable method for characterizing AM parts.
Understanding defect contributions is key to improving AM material reliability.
This technique supports the development of advanced measurement standards for AM applications.