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Isolation of Exosomes from the Plasma of HIV-1 Positive Individuals

Isolation of Exosomes from the Plasma of HIV-1 Positive Individuals

Published on: January 5, 2016

Opioid-Mediated HIV-1 Immunopathogenesis.

Shilpa Buch¹, Palsamy Periyasamy², Annadurai Thangaraj²

¹Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA. sbuch@unmc.edu.

Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology : the Official Journal of the Society on Neuroimmune Pharmacology

|October 8, 2020

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Opioids impact human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection by affecting viral replication, immune responses, and brain involvement. This review explores how opioids influence HIV-1 pathogenesis and neurological complications.

Keywords:

Blood-brain barrier HIV-1 Immunopathogenesis Immunosuppression Morphine

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Area of Science:

Neuroimmunology
Virology
Pharmacology

Background:

Combination antiretroviral therapy suppresses HIV-1 viremia but the brain remains a viral reservoir.
Drug abuse, particularly opiate use, is common in HIV-1 infected individuals, complicating neuroHIV and associated disorders.
Opioids and their receptors modulate immune functions, influencing HIV-1 disease progression and viral replication.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the current knowledge on the multifaceted role of opioids in HIV-1 immunopathogenesis.
To explore the impact of opioids on viral replication, host epigenetic profiles, and neuropathogenesis.
To summarize opioid effects on the blood-brain barrier, HIV-1 latency, and viral rebound.

Main Methods:

Comprehensive literature review of cell culture, animal, and human studies.
Analysis of research on opioid receptor modulation of immune and viral functions.
Examination of studies investigating combined effects of HIV-1 and opioids on inflammatory signaling.

Main Results:

Opioids can positively or negatively modulate HIV-1 replication and virus-mediated pathology.
Combinatorial effects of HIV-1 proteins and morphine activate inflammatory signaling pathways.
Opioids influence peripheral and viral immunopathogenesis, epigenetic profiles, and neuropathogenesis in non-human primate models.

Conclusions:

Opioids play a significant role in the complex immunopathogenesis of HIV-1 infection.
Understanding opioid-HIV-1 interactions is crucial for managing neuroHIV and improving treatment strategies.
Further research is needed to fully elucidate the impact of opioids on viral latency and rebound.