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Updated: Dec 6, 2025

Author Spotlight: Development of an Automated Camera-Based System for Real-Time Blast Overpressure Monitoring and TBI Risk Assessment in Military Training
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Sensor orientation and other factors which increase the blast overpressure reporting errors.

Anthony Misistia1,2, Maciej Skotak1,3, Arturo Cardenas1,2

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Wearable blast sensors can overestimate exposure dosage due to averaging methods and sensor orientation. Accurate interpretation requires considering sensor position and blast wave geometry for reliable occupational blast exposure (BOP) assessment.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Occupational Safety and Health
  • Military Science

Background:

  • Wearable sensors are increasingly used to monitor occupational blast exposure (BOP).
  • Accurate BOP assessment is critical for protecting military and law enforcement personnel from hearing loss and other blast-related injuries.
  • Standardized methods for interpreting data from wearable blast sensors are lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the accuracy of wearable sensors against industry-standard pressure transducers.
  • To evaluate the impact of sensor orientation and data averaging methods on BOP readings.
  • To provide recommendations for accurate interpretation of wearable sensor data in training environments.

Main Methods:

  • Controlled laboratory experiments using a shock tube and field tests with live fire.
  • Systematic evaluation of sensor orientation (0°, 90°, 180°, 270°) on headform-mounted helmets (ACH, ECH, Ops-Core).
  • Comparison of different averaging methods for peak overpressure and impulse data from B3 Blast Gauge sensors.

Main Results:

  • Averaging peak overpressure values overestimates actual operator exposure due to reflected pressure.
  • B3 gauges consistently underreport peak reflected overpressure compared to industry standards.
  • Impulse measurements were also consistently overestimated, regardless of sensor orientation.

Conclusions:

  • Sensor orientation and data averaging significantly affect reported BOP values.
  • Without considering geometrical and training-specific information, BOP dosage estimations can be erroneous.
  • Extreme caution is advised when interpreting occupational blast exposure results from wearable sensors.