Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

991
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
991
Antiepileptic Drugs: Modulators of Neurotransmitter Release Mediated by SV2A Protein01:20

Antiepileptic Drugs: Modulators of Neurotransmitter Release Mediated by SV2A Protein

670
Antiepileptic drugs, such as levetiracetam (Keppra) and brivaracetam (Briviact), have emerged as crucial tools in managing epilepsy. These medications exert their therapeutic effects by targeting the synaptic vesicle protein SV2A, a transmembrane glycoprotein primarily found in the brain.
SV2A is a transmembrane glycoprotein located predominantly in the brain, modulating the release of neurotransmitters for neuronal communication. Both levetiracetam and brivaracetam exhibit a high affinity for...
670
Seizures: Classification01:13

Seizures: Classification

1.1K
Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
1.1K
Antiepileptic Drugs: Calcium Channel Blockers01:17

Antiepileptic Drugs: Calcium Channel Blockers

947
Calcium channel blockers, a class of antiepileptic drugs, regulate the flow of calcium ions within neurons.
Calcium channel blockers exert their antiepileptic effects by targeting T-type calcium channels, which are integral to transmitting nerve signals in the central nervous system. These channels allow the passage of calcium ions, which are vital for neuronal communication. By inhibiting T-type calcium channels, calcium channel blockers effectively reduce the release of neurotransmitters and...
947
Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators01:18

Antiepileptic Drugs: GABAergic Pathway Potentiators

1.0K
γ-aminobutyric acid or GABA, plays a pivotal role as an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. GABA pathway potentiators, also known as GABAergic drugs, are a class of pharmaceutical agents designed to enhance the functioning of the GABAergic system. These medications primarily treat epilepsy, a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures.
The key GABA pathway potentiators used in epilepsy management are as follows.
Benzodiazepines are a well-known class of drugs used for...
1.0K
Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators01:20

Antiepileptic Drugs: Potassium Channel Activators

487
Ezocgabine or retigabine, an antiepileptic drug of remarkable efficacy, has revolutionized the management of seizures. It is a potassium channel activator, explicitly targeting the family of Q subtype potassium channels. It enhances the transmembrane potassium currents, regulating neuronal excitability. This action stabilizes the resting membrane potential, a pivotal factor in mitigating the hyperexcitability that characterizes epilepsy.
Ezogabine has gained approval as an adjunctive treatment...
487

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Diagnosis and treatment of malignant middle cerebral artery infarction and cerebellar infarction with mass effect. Recommendations of the Spanish Society of Neurology's Stroke Study Group.

Neurologia·2026
Same author

Strength of association of classical vascular risk factors in young patients with ischaemic stroke: a case-control study.

Neurologia·2022
Same author

Endarterectomy, Stenting, or Medical Treatment for Symptomatic Carotid Near-Occlusion: Results from CAOS, a Multicenter Registry Study.

AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology·2022
Same author

Screening for cognitive impairment with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment in Spanish patients with minor stroke or transient ischaemic attack.

Neurologia·2022
Same author

Ultrasonographic and hemodynamic characteristics of patients with symptomatic carotid near-occlusion: results from a multicenter registry study.

Neuroradiology·2020
Same author

The risk of recurrent stroke at 24 months in patients with symptomatic carotid near-occlusion: results from CAOS, a multicentre registry study.

European journal of neurology·2019
Same journal

The Correlation Between and Variability of Three Balance Scales in the Assessment of Balance Function in Patients With Ataxia.

Revista de neurologia·2026
Same journal

Surgical Treatment of an Aneurysm in the Subacute Stage of Hemorrhagic Moyamoya Disease: Aneurysm Resection Combined With STA-MCA Bypass: A Case Report.

Revista de neurologia·2026
Same journal

Mapping the Evidence: Central Sleep Apnea Syndromes During Sleep and Stroke-A Scoping Review.

Revista de neurologia·2026
Same journal

Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathy Due to a Novel <i>ARHGEF9</i> Deletion Variant: Case Series of Two Siblings.

Revista de neurologia·2026
Same journal

P300 Event-Related Potentials as Cognitive Biomarkers in Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Disorders: A Systematic Review.

Revista de neurologia·2026
Same journal

[Effectiveness and Risk of Recurrence of Pulsed Radiofrequency in Trigeminal Neuralgia and Chronic Cluster Headache].

Revista de neurologia·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 6, 2025

Network Analysis of Foramen Ovale Electrode Recordings in Drug-resistant Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Patients
09:32

Network Analysis of Foramen Ovale Electrode Recordings in Drug-resistant Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Patients

Published on: December 18, 2016

12.7K

[Epilepsy and vascular risk].

J M Ramírez-Moreno1,2

  • 1Universidad de Extremadura, 06071 Badajoz, España.

Revista De Neurologia
|October 9, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Patients with epilepsy face higher mortality and vascular risks. Certain antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) may worsen atherosclerosis through mechanisms like altered lipid profiles and increased oxidative stress, impacting patient care.

More Related Videos

Use of a Wireless Video-EEG System to Monitor Epileptiform Discharges Following Lateral Fluid-Percussion Induced Traumatic Brain Injury
09:16

Use of a Wireless Video-EEG System to Monitor Epileptiform Discharges Following Lateral Fluid-Percussion Induced Traumatic Brain Injury

Published on: June 21, 2019

26.2K
Simultaneous Video-EEG-ECG Monitoring to Identify Neurocardiac Dysfunction in Mouse Models of Epilepsy
11:54

Simultaneous Video-EEG-ECG Monitoring to Identify Neurocardiac Dysfunction in Mouse Models of Epilepsy

Published on: January 29, 2018

26.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 6, 2025

Network Analysis of Foramen Ovale Electrode Recordings in Drug-resistant Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Patients
09:32

Network Analysis of Foramen Ovale Electrode Recordings in Drug-resistant Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Patients

Published on: December 18, 2016

12.7K
Use of a Wireless Video-EEG System to Monitor Epileptiform Discharges Following Lateral Fluid-Percussion Induced Traumatic Brain Injury
09:16

Use of a Wireless Video-EEG System to Monitor Epileptiform Discharges Following Lateral Fluid-Percussion Induced Traumatic Brain Injury

Published on: June 21, 2019

26.2K
Simultaneous Video-EEG-ECG Monitoring to Identify Neurocardiac Dysfunction in Mouse Models of Epilepsy
11:54

Simultaneous Video-EEG-ECG Monitoring to Identify Neurocardiac Dysfunction in Mouse Models of Epilepsy

Published on: January 29, 2018

26.5K

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Cardiovascular Science
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Epilepsy is linked to increased mortality and cardiovascular/cerebrovascular events.
  • The specific vascular risk factors in epilepsy patients are not fully understood.
  • Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) may influence vascular risk differently.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pathophysiological mechanisms of increased vascular risk in epilepsy.
  • To examine evidence of accelerated atherosclerosis in epilepsy patients.
  • To discuss implications for epilepsy management and treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of epidemiological studies.
  • Analysis of proposed pathophysiological mechanisms.
  • Evaluation of evidence on AEDs and atherosclerosis.

Main Results:

  • AEDs, particularly enzyme inducers, are linked to early atherosclerosis.
  • Potential mechanisms include adverse lipid profiles, increased C-reactive protein, homocysteinaemia, clotting factors, and oxidative stress.
  • Prolonged AED use may contribute significantly to atherosclerosis pathogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • Neurologists must consider AEDs' unfavorable vascular effects in high-risk epilepsy patients.
  • Awareness of AED-associated atherosclerosis is crucial for patient follow-up and treatment.
  • Further research is needed to clarify AEDs' role in epilepsy-related vascular disease.