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Updated: Dec 6, 2025

Minimally-invasive Technique for Injection into Rat Optic Nerve
Published on: May 19, 2015
3D engineering for optic neuropathy treatment
Wenjing Xuan1, Aji Alex Moothedathu1, Tuo Meng1
1Department of Pharmaceutics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
Abstract:
Ocular disorders, such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy (DR), retinitis pigmentosa (RP), and glaucoma, can cause irreversible visual loss, and affect the quality of life of millions of patients. However, only very few 3D systems can mimic human ocular pathophysiology, especially the retinal degenerative diseases, which involve the loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), photoreceptors, or retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPEs). In this review, we discuss current progress in the 3D modeling of ocular tissues, and review the use of the aforementioned technologies for optic neuropathy treatment according to the categories of associated disease models and their applications in drug screening, mechanism studies, and cell and gene therapies.
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