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Updated: Dec 6, 2025

Author Spotlight: Advancing Reproductive Immunology with a Protocol for the Quantitative Evaluation of Endometrial Immune Cells
Published on: October 13, 2023
Unexplained repeated pregnancy loss and T helper cells
Renu Arora1, Amrita Rathee1, Mohini Sachdeva1
1Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Vardhaman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, Ansari Nagar West, New Delhi, 110029, India.
This study found no significant difference in T helper cell 1 (Th1) and T helper cell 2 (Th2) levels in women with recurrent pregnancy loss compared to controls. Routine immunological screening for recurrent pregnancy loss is not recommended.
Area of Science:
- Reproductive Immunology
- Immunology of Pregnancy Loss
Background:
- Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) affects a significant number of women.
- Immunological factors are suspected contributors to RPL, particularly imbalances in T helper cell subsets.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the prevalence of T helper cell 1 (Th1) and T helper cell 2 (Th2) in the decidua of women with RPL.
- To compare Th1 and Th2 cell levels in women experiencing miscarriage versus those undergoing induced abortion.
Main Methods:
- A case-control study was conducted with 36 women with RPL (cases) and 37 controls undergoing induced abortion.
- Decidual tissue was analyzed using histopathology and immunohistochemistry for Th1 and Th2 cells.
Main Results:
- No statistically significant difference in Th1 or Th2 cell presence was observed between the RPL group and the control group (p=0.678).
- Th1 cells were positive in 25% of cases and 29.73% of controls; Th2 cells were positive in 16.67% of cases and 8.11% of controls.
Conclusions:
- Immunological factors, specifically Th1/Th2 cell differences in the decidua, do not appear to be a significant cause of unexplained RPL.
- Routine immunological screening and immune treatments for RPL are not supported by these findings.
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