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Area of Science:

  • Earth System Science
  • Climate Modeling
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • The UK's first community Earth system model, UKESM1, was developed through a collaboration between the Met Office and the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC).
  • This model builds upon the established HadGEM physical climate models, integrating new components for aerosols, atmospheric chemistry, and biogeochemical cycles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To document the development procedure of UKESM1 and its submission to the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6).
  • To present initial findings on the performance and climate sensitivity of UKESM1 and HadGEM3-GC3.1.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a traceable hierarchy of coupled physical and Earth system models.
  • Incorporation of advanced representations for aerosols, atmospheric chemistry, terrestrial carbon and nitrogen cycles, and ocean biogeochemistry.
  • Evaluation of model performance using a broad range of variables against other CMIP6 submissions.

Main Results:

  • Both UKESM1 and HadGEM3-GC3.1 demonstrate superior performance compared to most other CMIP6 models for various variables.
  • The emergent climate sensitivity for HadGEM3-GC3.1 and UKESM1 is high (5.5 K and 5.4 K, respectively), exceeding the range of CMIP5 models.
  • The models' high climate sensitivity appears linked to cloud microphysics and cloud-aerosol interactions.

Conclusions:

  • UKESM1 represents a significant advancement in UK climate modeling capabilities.
  • The developed models exhibit high climate sensitivity, aligning with findings from other CMIP6 models.
  • Further research, detailed in companion papers, explores the specific mechanisms driving this sensitivity.