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Pharmacokinetics: Drug–Food and Drug–Viral Interactions01:26

Pharmacokinetics: Drug–Food and Drug–Viral Interactions

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A drug interaction occurs when the concurrent use of another drug, food, or an external substance alters the pharmacological activity of a drug. This interaction can modify the action of the original drug, affecting its effectiveness and safety.Drug–food interactions are significant as they impact drug absorption, metabolism, and excretion. For example, grapefruit juice is a well-known disruptor of drug metabolism. It inhibits the cytochrome P450 3A4 enzyme, crucial for the metabolism of...
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Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class I Agents as Sodium Channel Blockers01:22

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Class I antiarrhythmic drugs are used to treat various types of arrhythmias or irregular heart rhythms. These drugs block the sodium (Na+) channels in the cardiac cells, thereby affecting the movement of electrical impulses across the heart. Class I antiarrhythmic drugs are divided into three subgroups: Class IA, Class IB, and Class IC, each with distinct mechanisms of action and effects on the heart.
Class 1A Antiarrhythmic Drugs: These drugs work by moderately blocking sodium channels,...
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Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class III Agents as Potassium Channel Blockers01:12

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Class III antiarrhythmic drugs are a group of medications that can prolong action potentials in the heart. They achieve this by blocking potassium channels or enhancing inward currents from sodium channels. However, these drugs have a unique property of "reverse use-dependence," which is most pronounced at slower heart rates and can lead to torsades de pointes—a specific type of arrhythmia. However, it is essential to note that excessive QT interval prolongation—a measure of...
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Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class II Agents as β-Adrenergic Blockers01:24

Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class II Agents as β-Adrenergic Blockers

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Adrenergic stimulation generally impacts cardiac rate and rhythm. Specifically, stimulation of the β-adrenoceptors triggers an increase in intracellular calcium ion influx and pacemaker currents, which may cause arrhythmias. Catecholamines like adrenaline also demonstrate β2-adrenoceptor-mediated hypokalemia, impacting cardiac action potential and disrupting the normal cardiac rhythm. Class II antiarrhythmic drugs are β-adrenoceptor antagonists or β-blockers, which...
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Antianginal Drugs: Calcium Channel Blockers and Ranolazine01:25

Antianginal Drugs: Calcium Channel Blockers and Ranolazine

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Angina pectoris, a primary symptom of ischemic heart disease, requires careful pharmacological interventions. In this context, calcium channel blockers (CCBs) and ranolazine have emerged as crucial pharmacotherapeutic agents, providing deep insights into the complexities of angina management.
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Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class IV Agents as Calcium Channel Blockers01:20

Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class IV Agents as Calcium Channel Blockers

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Class IV antiarrhythmic drugs, such as verapamil and diltiazem, block calcium channels. They primarily affect the heart, slowing the conduction in calcium-dependent tissues like the SA and AV nodes. These drugs manage reentrant supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) and reduce ventricular rate in atrial flutter/fibrillation.
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Cationic drugs and COVID-19.

Oreste Vittore Brenna1,2, Sara Torretta3,4, Lorenzo Pignataro3,4

  • 1Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.

International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology
|October 13, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Many cationic drugs may inhibit SARS-CoV-2 entry into host cells, offering potential new treatments for COVID-19. This research explores the therapeutic possibilities of these compounds against the virus.

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COVID-19cationic drugsemergencyinfectionpandemic

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Virology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has led to a global health crisis.
  • Understanding mechanisms to inhibit viral entry is crucial for developing effective treatments.
  • Cationic drugs possess specific chemical properties that may interact with viral components.

Discussion:

  • Cationic drugs, possessing positively charged groups at physiological pH, are investigated for their potential to interfere with viral entry mechanisms.
  • The positively charged nature of these drugs may interact with negatively charged components of the viral envelope or host cell surface, hindering infection.

Key Insights:

  • Exploration of cationic drugs as a potential antiviral approach against SARS-CoV-2.
  • Hypothesis that drug-mediated impairment of viral entry could be a viable therapeutic avenue.

Outlook:

  • Further research is warranted to identify specific cationic drugs with potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity.
  • Investigating the precise molecular mechanisms of interaction between cationic drugs and viral entry pathways.