Hydroxylated sphingolipid biosynthesis regulates photoreceptor apical domain morphogenesis
Sarita Hebbar1, Kai Schuhmann1, Andrej Shevchenko1
1Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany.
The Journal of Cell Biology
|October 13, 2020
Summary
Lipid metabolism influences the growth of specialized cell structures. Increased hydroxylated sphingolipids disrupt rhabdomere development in Drosophila by impairing protein transport.
Area of Science:
- Cell Biology
- Lipid Metabolism
- Developmental Biology
Background:
- Epithelial cell apical domains undergo significant morphogenesis to form specialized structures like microvilli.
- The rhabdomere, a microvilli-based organelle in Drosophila photoreceptor cells, is crucial for vision.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the role of lipids in the morphogenesis of the Drosophila rhabdomere.
- To understand how lipid metabolism impacts apical membrane growth and protein trafficking.
Main Methods:
- Shotgun lipidomics analysis of Drosophila photoreceptor cells with mutations in the polarity regulator crumbs.
- Genetic perturbation of hydroxylated sphingolipid metabolism.
- Analysis of Rhodopsin trafficking and apical membrane growth.
Main Results:
- Increased abundance of hydroxylated sphingolipids correlated with abnormal rhabdomere growth in crumbs mutants.
- Up-regulation of fatty acid hydroxylase transcription was observed.
- Perturbation of sphingolipid metabolism modulated rhabdomere growth.
- Altered sphingolipid biosynthesis impaired apical trafficking of Rhodopsin via Rab11, hindering apical membrane growth.
Conclusions:
- Lipid metabolic pathways, specifically hydroxylated sphingolipids, play a critical role in regulating rhabdomere morphogenesis.
- Sphingolipid metabolism intersects with apical protein trafficking, affecting apical membrane expansion.
- This study provides new insights into the mechanisms governing apical growth during cellular development.
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