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Endocrine Signaling

Endocrine Signaling

Endocrine cells produce hormones to communicate with remote target cells found in other organs. The hormone reaches these distant areas using the circulatory system. This exposes the whole organism to the hormone but only those cells expressing hormone receptors or target cells are affected. Thus, endocrine signaling induces slow responses from its target cells but these effects also last longer.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 6, 2025

Model Surgical Training: Skills Acquisition in Fetoscopic Laser Photocoagulation of Monochorionic Diamniotic Twin Placenta Using Realistic Simulators

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In-Practice Endocrine Surgery Fellowship: A Novel Training Model.

Hien T Tierney^1,2, Leslie S Eldeiry³, Jeffrey R Garber³

¹Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Atrius Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery : Official Journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery

|October 13, 2020

Summary

A novel endocrine surgery fellowship model trained practicing otolaryngologists, achieving expert-level endocrine surgery skills. This innovative approach shows promise for advancing surgical expertise in this growing field.

Keywords:

education fellowship otolaryngology training

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Last Updated: Dec 6, 2025

Model Surgical Training: Skills Acquisition in Fetoscopic Laser Photocoagulation of Monochorionic Diamniotic Twin Placenta Using Realistic Simulators

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Published on: March 21, 2018

Step By Step: Microsurgical training method combining two nonliving animal models

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Published on: May 9, 2015

Intra-Operative Neural Monitoring of Thyroid Surgery in a Porcine Model

Intra-Operative Neural Monitoring of Thyroid Surgery in a Porcine Model

Published on: February 11, 2019

Area of Science:

Otolaryngology
Endocrine Surgery
Surgical Education

Background:

Endocrine surgery is a rapidly expanding subspecialty within otolaryngology.
There is a need for advanced training models to enhance expertise in endocrine surgery.
Current fellowship models may not adequately serve practicing otolaryngologists seeking specialized endocrine surgery skills.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate a novel endocrine surgery fellowship model.
To determine if in-practice otolaryngologists can achieve expert-level endocrine surgery training through this model.
To assess the feasibility and outcomes of a senior surgeon-led fellowship for practicing physicians.

Main Methods:

A qualitative clinical study involving a chart review of endocrine surgery cases.
Two board-certified otolaryngologists received intensive surgical training from a senior endocrine surgeon over 21 months.
Collaboration with endocrinology for patient care coordination and referrals.

Main Results:

A total of 235 endocrine surgeries were performed, including 198 thyroid procedures and 37 parathyroid explorations.
Outcomes included a low rate of temporary hypoparathyroidism (5.5%) and no permanent cases.
High success rate for parathyroid explorations (94.5% biochemical resolution) with manageable complication rates (seroma, hematoma, temporary dysphonia).

Conclusions:

This study describes a unique fellowship paradigm where a senior surgeon trains attending surgeons already in practice.
The model demonstrates potential for developing expert-level endocrine surgery skills in practicing otolaryngologists.
This innovative training approach can contribute to the growth and advancement of endocrine surgery.