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Related Concept Videos

Aging01:26

Aging

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Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
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Mitochondria01:37

Mitochondria

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Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
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The Effect of Aging on Tissues01:19

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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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Replicative Cell Senescence02:15

Replicative Cell Senescence

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Replicative cell senescence is a property of cells that allows them to divide a finite number of times throughout the organism's lifespan while preventing excessive proliferation. Replicative senescence is associated with the gradual loss of the telomere — short, repetitive DNA sequences found at the end of the chromosomes. Telomeres are bound by a group of proteins to form a protective cap on the ends of chromosomes. Embryonic stem cells express telomerase — an enzyme that adds...
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Centrioles and Centrosomes01:13

Centrioles and Centrosomes

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Most animal cells comprise a pair of centrioles together called a centrosome. The cell duplicates its centrosome and contains two centrosomes side-by-side, which begin to move apart during the prophase. As the centrosomes migrate to two different sides of the cell, microtubules start extending from each centrosome toward the other end. The mitotic spindle is composed of the centrosomes and their emerging microtubules.
Near the end of the prophase, also called late prophase or...
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Histone Variants at the Centromere02:30

Histone Variants at the Centromere

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Histone variants are the histone proteins with structural and sequence variations. These variants may be regarded as “mutant” forms that replace their canonical histone counterparts in the nucleosomes. Specific post-translational modifications on the histone variants enable further chromatin complexity and regulate tissue-specific gene expression. The most common histone variants are from histone H2A, H2B, and linker histone H1 families. However, several variants of histone H3...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 6, 2025

Isolation of Specific Neuron Populations from Roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans
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Cell-centric hypotheses of aging.

Siamak Tabibzadeh1

  • 1Frontiers in Bioscience Research Institute in Aging and Cancer, 16471 Scientific Way, Irvine CA 92618, fbs@bioscience.org.

Frontiers in Bioscience (Landmark Edition)
|October 13, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Aging in mammals causes diseases like diabetes and Alzheimer's due to cellular damage. This review explores various cell-centric aging theories but finds no single cause for aging yet.

Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Cellular Biology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Aging in mammals leads to age-related diseases, organ failure, and death.
  • Cell-centric hypotheses attribute aging to damage in signaling pathways, molecules, telomeres, organelles, and stem cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review cell-centric theories of aging.
  • To identify the most proximal cause of aging.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of aging theories.
  • Analysis of cellular damage mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Multiple cell-centric aging theories exist, including disposable soma, somatic mutation, free radical, DNA damage/methylation, autophagy impairment, telomere attrition, senescence, immunosenescence, inflammaging, mitochondrial dysfunction, and stem cell exhaustion.

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Methods to Study Changes in Inherent Protein Aggregation with Age in Caenorhabditis elegans
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  • Current models indicate damage across various cellular compartments.

    • Conclusions:

    • While numerous cellular damages are linked to aging, the most proximal cause remains unclear.
    • Further research is needed to pinpoint the primary driver of aging.