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Signaling pathways and effectors of aging
1Frontiers in Bioscience Research Institute in Aging and Cancer, 16471 Scientific Way, Irvine CA 92618, fbs@bioscience.org.
Frontiers in Bioscience (Landmark Edition)
|October 13, 2020
Summary
Aging disrupts cellular health by impairing key pathways like AMPK and sirtuins. Understanding these molecular changes is crucial for developing interventions to promote longevity and combat age-related diseases.
Area of Science:
- Cellular Biology
- Molecular Aging
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Aging is characterized by the dysfunction of critical signaling pathways and factors essential for cellular health.
- Pro-longevity factors like 5' AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), sirtuins, FOX proteins, and nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt) play vital roles in metabolism, DNA repair, and NAD+ production.
- Factors such as Klotho, hydrogen sulfide, and transsulfuration pathways are also implicated in longevity and cellular protection.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore the complex interplay of signaling pathways and molecular factors affected by aging.
- To highlight the roles of key pro-longevity molecules and pathways in maintaining cellular homeostasis.
- To understand how aging-induced aberrant cellular functions contribute to age-related pathologies.
Main Methods:
- Review and synthesis of existing literature on aging, cellular signaling, and molecular mechanisms of longevity.
- Analysis of the functions of key proteins and pathways including AMPK, sirtuins, FOX proteins, Nampt, and Klotho.
- Examination of the impact of aging on metabolic and autophagic processes, cell division, and inflammatory responses.
Main Results:
- Aging leads to aberrant function of multiple signaling pathways, including imbalanced activation of p53, insulin/IGF, P13K/AKT, mTOR, and MAPK pathways.
- Dysfunctional cellular processes include disturbed metabolism, impaired autophagy, inhibited cell division, and induced inflammaging and immunosenescence.
- Consequences of these aberrant functions include stem cell exhaustion, senescence, apoptosis, and increased cancer risk.
Conclusions:
- Aging is a complex process involving the disruption of numerous cellular pathways and factors that normally maintain health and homeostasis.
- Restoring the function of pro-longevity pathways and addressing aberrant cellular activities are critical for mitigating aging and age-related diseases.
- Further research into these molecular mechanisms can pave the way for novel therapeutic strategies to promote healthy aging.
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