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COVID-19 and Renal Diseases: An Update
Letícia Bitencourt1, Ana Luisa Pedrosa1, Stephanie Bruna Camilo Soares de Brito1
1Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, UFMG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Current Drug Targets
|October 14, 2020
Summary
The SARS-CoV-2 virus impacts the kidneys, influencing COVID-19 outcomes. Research shows varying effects on kidney disease patients, with implications for renal transplantation and Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) balance.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Virology
- Immunology
Background:
- The SARS-CoV-2 virus affects multiple organs, not just the respiratory system.
- The kidney plays a significant role in determining the severity and outcomes of COVID-19.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore the multifaceted relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection and kidney disease.
- To understand the impact of COVID-19 on patients with chronic kidney disease, acute kidney injury, and those undergoing renal transplantation.
Main Methods:
- A comprehensive, non-systematic literature search was conducted.
- Databases searched included PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, and SciELO.
- Keywords focused on SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, and various renal conditions.
Main Results:
- SARS-CoV-2 binds to ACE2, potentially disrupting the Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS) and worsening COVID-19 clinical presentation.
- Acute kidney injury in COVID-19 is linked to immune responses and direct viral damage, increasing mortality.
- Patients with non-terminal chronic kidney disease have poorer prognoses, while hemodialysis patients may experience milder COVID-19 courses.
- The pandemic negatively impacts kidney donation and transplantation, with ongoing discussion on COVID-19's effect on immunosuppression in transplant recipients.
Conclusions:
- The kidney and RAS are crucial in SARS-CoV-2 infection.
- Further research is essential to fully comprehend COVID-19's repercussions on renal diseases.
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