Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 5, 2025

Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo
12:42

Paramyxoviruses for Tumor-targeted Immunomodulation: Design and Evaluation Ex Vivo

Published on: January 7, 2019

9.9K

Clinical Application of Oncolytic Viruses: A Systematic Review

Mary Cook1, Aman Chauhan2,3

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland Medical Center, 22 S. Greene Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|October 15, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Oncolytic viruses are promising cancer immunotherapies. This systematic review of clinical trials shows over 30 types are being investigated, highlighting their potential in oncology drug development.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunotherapy
  • Virology

Background:

  • Cancer immunotherapy has evolved significantly, with immune checkpoint inhibitors revolutionizing treatment.
  • Oncolytic viruses represent a novel class of immunotherapeutic agents for cancer treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a comprehensive systematic review of all published clinical trials involving oncolytic viruses.
  • To analyze the landscape of oncolytic virus research in clinical development.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search of PubMed for clinical trials utilizing oncolytic viruses.
  • Review of 86 trials (60 Phase I, 19 Phase II, 2 Phase III) for virus type, administration, design, disease, outcomes, and adverse effects.

Main Results:

  • Over 30 different oncolytic viruses are under investigation as single agents or in combination therapies.
  • The review identified 86 eligible clinical trials, predominantly in early phases (Phase I and II).
  • Currently, only one oncolytic virus therapy has received FDA approval.

Conclusions:

  • Oncolytic viruses are a rapidly advancing area in oncology, with extensive ongoing clinical evaluation.
  • Advances in bioengineering and understanding of immunomodulation offer optimism for future oncolytic virus drug development.
Keywords:
clinical trialsimmunotherapyoncolytic viruses

More Related Videos

Ex Vivo Infection of Live Tissue with Oncolytic Viruses12:08

Ex Vivo Infection of Live Tissue with Oncolytic Viruses

Published on: June 25, 2011

13.0K
Genome-wide RNAi Screening to Identify Host Factors That Modulate Oncolytic Virus Therapy08:51

Genome-wide RNAi Screening to Identify Host Factors That Modulate Oncolytic Virus Therapy

Published on: April 3, 2018

9.4K

Related Concept Videos

Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
9.6K
Mechanisms of Retrovirus-induced Cancers01:51

Mechanisms of Retrovirus-induced Cancers

Retroviruses are RNA viruses that have been shown to cause cancers in diverse species, including chickens, mice, cats, and monkeys. The RNA genomes of these viruses are first reverse-transcribed into single and then double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) copies. This dsDNA called proviral DNA then integrates into the host genome. Subsequently, the host cell transcribes the proviral DNA in concert with the chromosomal DNA. This leads to the production of viral RNA and proteins that assemble at the host...
6.6K
Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
1.3K
Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
837
Treatment Resistant Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistant Cancers

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
3.6K
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
8.3K