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Updated: Dec 5, 2025
Staining and High-Resolution Imaging of Three-Dimensional Organoid and Spheroid Models
Published on: March 27, 2021
[Rhabdomyosarcomas: structural distribution and analysis of an immunohistochemical profile]
G K Botiralieva1, A S Sharlai2, V Yu Roshchin2
1Ipsum Pathology LLC, Tashkent, Republic of Uzbekistan.
Abstract:
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a malignant soft tissue tumor originating from primitive mesenchymal cells, which is most common in children.
Objective:
To qualitatively and quantitatively assess the expression of myogenic transcription factors on a large sample, to identify potential phenotypic differences, and to estimate the distribution and frequency of aberrant markers, such as ALK, PAX5, WT1, PCK, CAM5.2, SIX1, and Synaptophysin.
Material And Methods:
The investigation included 202 tumor tissue samples. Five tissue microarrays were assembled from the obtained material for subsequent histological and immunohistochemical studies.
Results:
Embryonal RMS (ERMS) was diagnosed in 103 cases; alveolar RMS (ARMS) was detected in 80; spindle-cell/sclerosing RMS (SRMS) was found in 16 cases; epithelioid RMS (EpiRMS) was diagnosed in 2 patients. The expression of Myogenin and MyoD1 was detected in all the examined RMS tissue samples. ARMS was more characterized by staining at 1+ and 2+ intensities; at the same time, more than 50% of ERMS, SRMS, and EpiRMS cases showed staining at 1+ intensity. ALK expression was investigated using the D5F3 and p80 clones. The D5F3 clone displayed a higher staining intensity than the p80 clone (p<0.05). The expression of PAX5 was observed in 13 of 75 ARMS cases. That of WT1 and SIX1 was found in all RMS groups.
Conclusion:
The morphological diagnosis of RMS requires a careful assessment of all of the above factors, especially taking into account the variability in the expression of myogenic transcription factors and the high level of phenotypic aberration.
